On the exponential ergodicity of the McKean-Vlasov SDE depending on a polynomial interaction

In this paper, we study the long time behaviour of the Fokker-Planck and the kinetic Fokker-Planck equations with many body interaction, more precisely with interaction defined by U-statistics, whose macroscopic limits are often called McKean-Vlasov and Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equations respectively. In the continuity of the recent papers [63, [43],[42]] and [44, [74],[75]], we establish nonlinear functional inequalities for the limiting McKean-Vlasov SDEs related to our particle systems. In the first order case, our results rely on large deviations for U-statistics and a uniform logarithmic Sobolev inequality in the number of particles for the invariant measure of the particle system. In the kinetic case, we first prove a uniform (in the number of particles) exponential convergence to equilibrium for the solutions in the weighted Sobolev space H 1 ($\mu$) with a rate of convergence which is explicitly computable and independent of the number of particles. In a second time, we quantitatively establish an exponential return to equilibrium in Wasserstein's W 2 --metric for the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation

Gamma-sarcoglycanopathy (LGMD 2C) with Del 525T mutation: Report of the first familial case in Niger

We are reporting a familial case of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) upon 5 out of 6 siblings from parents showing no evidence of muscular dystrophy. The pedigree of the family up to five generations did not reveal any known case in the past even though consanguinity was reported. The clinical observations revealed wheelchair bound or difficulties for walking in all affected subjects, due to muscular dystrophy involving mainly the pelvic girdle. Creatine phosphoKinase (CK) was higher than normal values in both affected children and their parents. The scanning of thigh showed in all patients, an atrophy of the quadriceps with fatty conversion. Molecular analysis was carried out, first using western blot, which revealed gammasacoglycan deficiency and second, by gene screening, which showed Del 525T mutation. This mutation is most widespread in arabo-berbères tribes including Touaregs. The present cases are in our knowledge the first reported in that part of Africa, south of Maghreb. We make a focus on histological and molecular bases of the LGMD.Keywords: gamma-sarcoglycanopathy, LGMD 2C, Del 525T mutation, Nige

Obstacles à l’intégration de la prise en charge de l’épilepsie dans le paquet minimum d’activités (PMA) des centres de santé intégrés (CSI) au Niger

Introduction: Integration barriers of epilepsy care in to integrated health centre package activities were the aim of this study. Method: Integrated Health Centre was selected based on criteria set by the size of the research budget. The research was conducted according to Mercenier model. Results: The results presented have involved on 15 months of project implementation. They indicate health system and health workers behavioral barriers witch contribute to strengthened inverse care law in epileptology.Introduction : Les obstacles à l’intégration de la prise en charge (PEC) de l’épilepsie dans le paquet minimum (PMA) des CSI ont été l’objet de cette étude. Méthode : Il s’agit d’une recherche action conduite selon le modèle de Mercenier. Les CSI (sites de l’étude) ont été sélectionnés sur la base de critères imposés par la taille du budget alloué à la recherche. Résultats : Les résultats présentés ont concernés 15 mois d’exécution du projet. Ils indiquent des obstacles liés au système de santé et aux comportements des agents qui contribuent à renforcer la loi du soin inversé en épileptologie

Traitement de la neuromyélite optique de Devic durant de la grossesse

La neuromyélite optique de Devic est une pathologie inflammatoire démyélinisante du système nerveux central qui affecte électivement la moelle spinale, le nerf optique et les régions cérébrales à haute expression d’antigènes aquaporine 4. Il s’agit d’une pathologie auto-immune sévère due à des auto-anticorps dirigés contre l’aquaporine 4, à taux de morbidité et de mortalité élevé. Contrairement à d’autres pathologies inflammatoires notamment la sclérose en plaques ou polyarthrite rhumatoïde, la grossesse n’exerce aucune influence sur l’activité de la neuromyélite optique d’où la nécessité d’instaurer un traitement de fond durant toute la grossesse. La corticothérapie représente le traitement de premier choix de la neuromyélite optique durant la grossesse. D’autres traitements peuvent également être utilisés notamment le rituximab, certains immunosuppresseurs, les immunoglobulines. Le traitement par immunosuppresseurs ou rituximab est proposé lorsque la corticothérapie au long cours est contre-indiquée ou en cas d’inefficacité à celle-ci ou encore lorsque les effets secondaires sont intolérables. Les immunoglobulines sont administrées en cas de poussées sévères de la neuromyélite optique qui ne répondent pas aux bolus de methylprednisolone. Les immunoglobulines peuvent également être poursuivies seules à la dose 0,4g/kg/j toutes les 6 à 8 semaines jusqu’à l’accouchement. La plasmaphérèse est également une bonne alternative aux bolus de methylprednisolone lorsque les poussées sont très sévères.The Pan African Medical Journal 2016;2

Hurler–Scheie syndrome in Niger: a case series

Abstract Background Hurler–Scheie syndrome is an intermediate form of mucopolysaccharidosis type I which is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency or complete absence of enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase activity. We report the first documented cases of Hurler–Scheie syndrome observed in Niger in a Touareg family. Case presentation We studied the case of two 12-year-old twin Touareg boys and their 10-year-old Touareg sister whose parents are first-degree cousins, and there was no history of similar cases in their previous generations. The diagnosis of Hurler–Scheie syndrome was considered in these patients on the basis of clinical and radiological arguments, with the highlighting of a deficiency of enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase in serum and leukocytes. The twins had presented the first symptoms at the age of 24 months and the diagnosis of Hurler–Scheie syndrome was made at the age of 12 years. In their younger sister, the first symptoms were observed at the age of 3 years and the diagnosis was made at the age of 10 years. The three probands were born after a normal full-term pregnancy and a spontaneous vaginal delivery according to their parents. Their birth weight, height, and head circumference were within normal limits according to their parents. The three probands were brought in for consultation for stunted growth, joint stiffness with gait disorders, deformities of the thoracolumbar spine, recurrent otitis media, decreased hearing, increased abdominal volume, snoring during sleep, and facial dysmorphism. Conclusions Even in countries with limited access to diagnostic means, a good knowledge of the clinical manifestations of the disease can help to guide the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type I

Céphalées épileptiques isolées : revue de la littérature. Isolated epileptic headache : review

Les céphalées épileptiques isolées sont des céphalalgies migraineuses associées à des décharges épileptiques électroencéphalographiques per-critiques sans d’autres phénomènes épileptiques associés notamment somatosensitifs, somatomoteurs ou autonomiques. Sur le plan physiopathologique, les céphalées épileptiques isolées correspondent aux manifestations cliniques des décharges épileptiques focales subcliniques des neurones corticaux qui engendrent une dépression corticale propagée ou ‘’cortical spreading depression’’. Cette dernière active le système trigéminovasculaire qui déclenche les céphalalgies migraineuses sans qu’il ait d’autres signes ou symptômes épileptiques associés. Le diagnostic des céphalées épileptiques isolées se fait devant un tableau des céphalalgies migraineuses, qui durent quelques secondes à quelques minutes voire des heures ou jours, associées à des décharges épileptiques électroencéphalographiques per-critiques homolatérales ou controlatérales et qui se résolvent immédiatement après injection intraveineuse des antiépileptiques. Dans cet article de mise au point, nous exposons l’état des connaissances actuelles sur les céphalées épileptiques isolées afin d’attirer l’attention des praticiens à ne pas méconnaitre cette entité clinique et de permettre une meilleure prise en charge des patients qui en souffrent

Epilepsie et grossesse : Revue de la litterature

La grossesse a longtemps été déconseillée chez les femmes épileptiques en raison du taux élevé des malformations foetales. Si l’épilepsie en elle-même n’a pas d’influence sur le bon déroulement de la grossesse, les medicaments antiépileptiques sont responsables des complications foeto-maternelles. Le taux de complications foeto-maternelles semble être plus important en cas de polythérapie. Cet article est une revue récente de la littérature qui répond à des preoccupations du praticien concernant les liens entre l’épilepsie et la grossesse

Clinical Profile of Parkinson's Disease: Experience of Niger

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative pathology with unknown etiology. It is characterized clinically by the classic triad that associated tremors, bradykinesia, and rigidity. In Niger, there are no data on PD. Aims: We aimed to provide the demographic and clinical profile of PD in patients from Niger to create a database on PD in Niger. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at the Neurology Outpatient Clinic of the Hôpital National de Niamey (HNN, Niger) over a period of 4.42 years from February 2009 to July 2013 collecting all cases of PD. The demographic and clinical features of all patients were collected and analyzed. Results: During the period of the study, 1695 patients consulted at the Neurology Outpatient Clinic of the HNN, among which 76 patients (4.48%) had secondary parkinsonism and 25 patients (1.47%) had features compatible with PD. Only patients with PD were included in this study. The mean age at onset of symptoms was 58 years (range: 42–74 years). The male sex was predominant (60%) with a sex ratio of 1.5. The mean time interval from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis of PD was 1.8 years (range: 1–5 years). The tremor was the most common symptom (84%). Bradykinesia represented 64% of the symptoms and rigidity 20%. At the time of the diagnosis of PD, 8 patients (32%) were in Stage I of the classification of Hoehn and Yahr, 16 patients (64%) in Stage II, and 1 patient (4%) in Stage III. The levodopa/carbidopa combination was the most used antiparkinsonian drug in our patients (88%). The mean time of follow-up of the patients was 2.5 years (range: 1–4.42 years). During the course of the disease, 9 patients (36%) were in Stage II of the classification of Hoehn and Yahr, 13 patients (52%) in Stage III, and 3 patients (12%) in Stage IV. Conclusion: Our study provides demographic and clinical data of PD in patients from Niger and shows that the hospital frequency of this disease is low (1.47%). The demographic and clinical features of our patients are similar to those of the patients of the prior studies reported in sub-Saharan Africa