The Use of Acrylic-Based Polymers in Environmental Remediation Studies

Heavy metals are not biodegradable and tend to accumulate in living organisms. Many heavy metal ions are known to be toxic or carcinogenic. Thus, removal of these toxic heavy metals from water is of crucial importance to protect the human population and the environment. In recent years, polymeric adsorbents have received considerable interest for heavy metal removal mainly due to important technological and scientific developments such as easy synthesis at controlled dimensions with variable functional groups, perfect mechanical rigidity, tunable surface chemistry, large surface area, pore size distribution, high uptake values and feasible regeneration under mild conditions. This chapter has attempted to present to the readers the widespread investigations of acrylic-based polymeric adsorbents so that the reader can get an idea about the various types and forms of polymeric materials used for the removal of heavy metals from water

Sorption Characteristics of Cr(III) onto Florisil: Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Equilibrium Studies

In this study, the efficiency of florisil was investigated for the removal of Cr(III) using batch type sorption under different experimental conditions namely pH, sorbent amount, contact time and temperature. The maximum sorption capacity of florisil for Cr(III) ions was determined as 67.5 mg g-1, at pH 6.0, with a contact time of 60.0 minutes at 25°C. The equilibrium kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of Cr(III) ion sorption onto florisil were also studied and it was evaluated that the sorption kinetics of Cr(III) on florisil followed pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data were in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model indicating monolayer coverage on the sorbent surface. In addition, thermodynamic studies revealed that the sorption of Cr(III) onto florisil was spontaneous and exothermic. The presented method was applied to the determination of Cr(III) in ultra-pure, tap, bottled drinking and waste water samples and high recoveries obtained confirmed the accuracy of the proposed study. The overall results have demonstrated that florisil is a promising and efficient sorbent and a good candidate for the removal of Cr(III) from aqueous solutions.In this study, the efficiency of florisil was investigated for the removal of Cr(III) using batch type sorption under different experimental conditions namely pH, sorbent amount, contact time and temperature. The maximum sorption capacity of florisil for Cr(III) ions was determined as 67.5 mg g-1, at pH 6.0, with a contact time of 60.0 minutes at 25°C. The equilibrium kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of Cr(III) ion sorption onto florisil were also studied and it was evaluated that the sorption kinetics of Cr(III) on florisil followed pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data were in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model indicating monolayer coverage on the sorbent surface. In addition, thermodynamic studies revealed that the sorption of Cr(III) onto florisil was spontaneous and exothermic. The presented method was applied to the determination of Cr(III) in ultra-pure, tap, bottled drinking and waste water samples and high recoveries obtained confirmed the accuracy of the proposed study. The overall results have demonstrated that florisil is a promising and efficient sorbent and a good candidate for the removal of Cr(III) from aqueous solutions

Use of amberlite XAD-7HP for the separation of Mn(II) and Mn(VII) in waters

A simple method is proposed for the determination and speciation of Mn(II) and Mn(VII) in waters utilizing a macroporous resin, Amberlite XAD-7HP. The batch method was employed and flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used in all determinations. Amberlite XAD-7HP resin was shown to retain Mn(VII) between pH 4 and 12. If the solution contains only one of the species, either Mn(II) or Mn(VII), the resin behaves selectively depending on the pH of the solution. The elution from the sorbent was realized using K2C2O4 in HNO3. The efficiency of the method was checked via spike recovery experiments. The proposed method was successfully applied to industrial wastewater samples and quantitative recoveries (≥96.0%) confirmed the accuracy of the method

İdrarda 11-Nor-Delta-9-Tetrahidrokannabinol-9-Karboksilik Asit’in (Thc-Cooh) GC-MS ile Analizinde Ekstraksiyon Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması

Amaç: Günümüzde kötüye kullanılan yasadışı maddeler arasında en yaygın kullanılan madde esrardır. Esrarın saptanmasına yönelik yapılan çalışmalarda, idrarda ana metaboliti olan THC-COOH’un kat-faz (SPE) ve sıvı-faz (ELE) ekstraksiyon teknikleri ile analizi yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sentetik idrar örneklerinde THC-COOH analizi için GC-MS ile tayini öncesinde SPE ve LLE metodlarını kullanarak örnekleri analize hazırlamak ve bu yöntemlerin örnek hazırlamadaki verimleri ve etkinlikleri karşılaştırmaktır. Aynı zamanda bu yöntemlerin tekrarlanabilirlik, seçimlilik, doğruluk, kesinlik ve doğrusallık gibi validasyon parametreleri inceleyerek yöntem geçerliliğini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ana standart olarak (±)-ll-nor-9-carboxy-A9-THC ve iç standart olarak (±)-ll-nor-9-carboxy-A9-THC-D3 kullanılmıştır. LLE için Toxi-tube B, SPE için Clean Screen THC kartuşları kullanılmıştır. Türevlendirme için BSTFA+%1 TMCS kullanılmıştır. Analizler Thermo Finnigan Trace Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometrisi (GC-MS) cihazı ile yapılmıştır. SPE ve LLE metodlarının karşılaştrılması Minitabll istatistik paket programı ile yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda en düşük tayin sınırı olarak (LOD) 2 pg/L elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlarda geri kazanım değerleri %90’nın üzerinde ve %RSD değerleri %10’nun altında bulunmuştur. 25-500 pg/L arasındaki konsantrasyonlarda kantitatif tayin yapılabilmesi için gerekli olan doğrusallığın var olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Uygulanan Anderson-Darling testi ile LLE ve SPE sonuçlarının normal bir dağılıma uymadığı görüldüğünden non-parametrik test olan Wilcoxon signed-rank testi uygulanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda bulunan doğrusallık, tekrarlanabilirlik ve geri kazanılabilirlik değerleri, biyoanalitik validasyon kriterleri doğrultusunda kabul edilebilir düzeyde bulunmuştur. Elde edilen istatiksel sonuçlara göre, LLE ve SPE metodları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p<0.005). Yapılan çalışma ile analiz öncesinde örnekhazırlamabasamağının önemi gösterilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: TCH_COOH, Sıvı-Sıvı Ekstraksiyon, Katı Faz Ekstraksiyon, İdrar, Gaz Kromatografi Kütle Spektrometri