Measurement and comparison of Iron levels and hazard quotient (HQ) on muscle of farmed and marine fishes from Khuzestan, south west of Iran

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of iron and Hazard quotient (HQ) in muscle of four marine fishes, orange - spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), yellow fin sea bream (Acanthopagrus latus), tongue fishes (Cynoglossus arel), silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) and farmed carp fish, common carp(Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), big head carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from Khuzestan. Farmed fish sample was prepared from the Azadegan warm water fish culture center and marine fish was prepared from fishing ports Bahrkan, Abadan and Bandar Emam. Iron concentration measured by wet digestion and atomic absorption spectrometer Perkin Elmer 4100.The results showed the average of iron level in farmed fish was 17.08± 1.21 mg/kg dry weight and in marine fish was 10.68± 3.66 mg/kg dry weight (p<0.05).The results showed that the highest iron concentrations between farmed fish muscle was on big head carp equal to 18.16mg/kg dry weight and was significantly different (p<0.05) with grass carp and the highest iron concentrations between marine fish muscle was onTongue fishequal to 15.50± 0.50mg/kg dry weight and was significantly different (p<0.05). Average hazard quotient in farmed fish was HQ=0.61and in marine fish was HQ =0.38. Hazard quotientin marine fish were in tongue fish HQ=0.55, yellow fin sea breamHQ =0. 3, Orange - spotted grouper HQ= 0.26 and silver pomfret HQ =0.41 and Hazard quotient in fish were in big head HQ=0.65, common carp HQ =0.63 grass carp HQ= 0.55and silver carp HQ =0.61. Hazard quotient in all samples was less than one and so fish nutrition no risk in terms of the amount of iron in the human body

Interactive effects of diet protein and water salinity on growth and survival of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone 1931)

This study was conducted in the Shrimp Research Center of Bushehr in winter 2005. We treated reared White Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone 1931) with five diets containing 20%, 25% ,30%, 35% and 40% protein levels and three salinity levels 15-17ppt, 27-30ppt, and 40-45ppt. We focused on growth, survival, food conversion ratio, hemolymph osmolality, hemolymph protein and corpse protein content. We applied 15 treatments each with three replicates in 45 tanks with 300 liter capacity. Shrimps average weight was about 2 grams at the start and reared after 60 days of culture. Shrimp biomass growth in 15-17 salinity was higher than other salinities showing statistically significant difference with those grew in 40-45ppt salinity (P>0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between growth of the shrimp in 15-17ppt and in 27-30ppt water

Accumulation variations of selected heavy metals in Barbus xanthopterus in Karoon and Dez Rivers of Khuzestan, Iran

The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni and Hg were determined in gill, liver and muscle of Barbus xanthopterus in down streams of Karoon and Dez Rivers during summer 2009. Heavy metal concentrations varied significantly, depending on the types of the tissue in fish species. The levels of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Ni and Hg in the Barbus xanthopterus of Karoon River were higher than in Barbus xanthopterus of Dez River (Pliver>muscle. The concentration of Hg in Karoon River was in the sequence liver>gill>muscle but, in Dez River, it was in the sequence liver>muscle>gill. Among heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni and Hg), the accumulation of Pb was more than other heavy metals in fish (P<0.05). In both rivers, the accumulation of heavy metals in muscle of fish was higher than the world health organization (WHO) standard

Study on effect of different packaging on fillets persistence of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in refrigerated temperature (4°C)

This study was evaluated the influence of different packaging: aerobic, vacuum and sil vacuum on shelf life grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in refrigerated temperature (4°C) by determine microbiological and chemical characteristics. Results showed that in all treatment PV values did not increase of acceptability limit (10 meq/kg) during the storage and in aerobic packaging values of TVN (30.31±0.79 mg/100 g) that were above of acceptable limits. In sil vacuum and vacuum packaging, values of TBA were at acceptable limits during 15th and 9th days for aerobic packaging. In aerobic packaging, the value of TVC 7.80± 0.34 log cfu/ g in 12thand in all packaging in 15th were not at acceptable limits (9.06± 0.34 log cfu/ g in aerobic, 7.52± 0.26 log cfu/ g in vacuum and 7.04± 0.12 log cfu/ g in sil vacuum). Results indicated that the best shelf-life of grass carp fillets observed in sil vacuum and vacuum packaging in 12thduring, but sil vacuum than the better (p<0.05)

Concentration of heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Ni, Hg) in muscle, gill and liver tissues of Barbus xanthopterus in Karoon River

We determined bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni and Hg) in the muscle, gill and liver organs of Barbus xanthopterus in summer 2009 in Karoon River, south west of Iran. Gill net was used to sample 48 random size fish specimens from Karoon River downward of Ahwaz city (Shekariyeh 3 village). The tissues were extracted and the elements were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Concentrations of heavy metals Cd, Pb, Ni , Hg in muscle tissue of Barbus xanthopterus were 1.679, 2.37, 1.16, 1.29mg/kg dry wt and in gill were 2.17, 2.92, 1.44, 1.34mg/kg dry wt and in liver were 1.92, 2.79, 1.31, 1.43mg/kg dry wt, respectively. All the results were statistically significant (P 0.05). The concentrations of heavy metals were higher than standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the muscle tissue of Barbus xanthopterus in Karoon River

The comparison of heavy metals Hg, Cd and Pb in the tissues of Liza abu from Karoon and Bahmanshir Rivers, Khuzestan Province

A comparative study was conducted on concentration of heavy metals Hg, Cd and Pb in the muscle, liver and gill tissues of Liza abu in winter 2009, in Karoon and Bahmanshir Rivers of Khuzestan province. We used 216 specimens of Liza abu. Metals were extracted from the tissues using wet digestion method and concentration of the heavy metals was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The highest concentration of Cd, Hg and Pb were measured at 0.540±0.264, 0.029±0.005 and 1.080±0.128mg/Kg dry weight respectively. The lowest concentration of Cd, Hg and Pb were found to be 0.434±0.035, 0.024±0.001 and 0.930±0.036mg/Kg dry weight, respectively. No significant differences in concentration of heavy metals Cd, Hg and Pb in the muscle, liver and gill of Liza abu from the Karoon and Bahmanshir Rivers were detected (P 0.05). Results showed accumulation of Hg and Cd was lower than the FDA standard but accumulation of Pb was higher than the WHO standard

The comparison of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb) in the muscle of Otolithes ruber in Abadan and Bandar Abbas Ports, the Persian Gulf

A comparative study was conducted on concentration of heavy metals including: Hg, Cd and Pb in the muscle of Otolithes ruber in Abadan and Bandar Abbas Ports in the Persian Gulf. In this study, a total of 42 specimens of Otolithes ruber were collected from coastal waters of Abadan and Bandar Abbas Ports in 2010. Heavy metals were extracted from the muscle tissues using wet digestion method and concentration of metals were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that mean (±SD) accumulation of Hg, Cd and Pb in the muscles of Otolithes ruber in Bandar Abbas were 0.058±0.001, 0.279±0.056 and 0.668±0.077mgKg-1 wet weight, and in Abadan were 0.056±0.007, 0.25±0.038 and 0.638±0.087mgKg-1 wet weight respectively. No significant differences were found in concentrations of Hg, Cd and Pb in the muscle of Otolithes ruber between Abadan and Bandar Abbas ports. Accumulation of these metals were higher in the muscle of Otolithes ruber than that Bandar Abbas Port. Concentration of Hg in the muscle of Otolithes ruber was lower than acceptable limit suggested by WHO, MAFF, NHMRC. However concentrations of Pb and Cd were higher

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Determination of heavy metals in Liza abu from Karkheh and Bahmanshir Rivers in Khoozestan from Iran

Askary Sary, A., Velayatzadeh, M., Beheshti, M.: Determination of heavy metals in Liza abu from Karkheh and Bahmanshir Rivers in Khoozestan from Iran ABSTRACT Liza abu is a species of the Mugilidae family from rivers in Khoozestan Province of Iran. The present study was carried out to investigate contamination of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) in gill, liver and muscle in Liza abu from Karkheh and Bahmanshir rivers in Khoozestan, Iran, in winter 2010. Heavy metal levels in fish samples were analyzed by Perkin Elmer 4100 atomic absorption. The results show that the highest Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe concentrations in fish samples were 29.66, 518.66, 1057.66, 369.33, 696 µg/Kg/dw, 10.62, 13.26 mgKg -1 dw. The highest and lowest concentration of heavy metals in tissues was done gill and muscle of Liza abu. Also, concentrations of heavy metals (mean±SD) in muscle, liver and gill of Liza abu from Bahmanshir river were higher than in Liza abu from Karkheh river (P&lt;0.05), except for concentration of Fe that in Liza abu from Karkheh river were higher than in Liza abu from Bahmanshir river (P&lt;0.05). The mean estimated concentrations for Cd, Hg, Cu and Zn in the present study were lower the International Standards for these metals as declare by the World Health Organization (WHO), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but Pb higher than FAO and FDA

Study on the effects of different cooking methods on concentration of essential elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni) in Cyprinus Carpio

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of different cooking methods on the level of iron, copper, zinc, and nickel in the muscle of Cyprinus carpio. For this purpose, 75 samples of fish with different sizes were obtained from Azadegan Aquaculture Center in Ahvaz. The samples were digested through the wet-digestion method and the concentrations of the essential elements were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. According to the results, fried and steamed samples had the highest (3.54±0.31 mg/100g wet weight) and lowest (1.64±0.11 mg/100g wet weight) concentration of iron. The highest and lowest concentration of zinc was recorded in the fried (1.74±0.09 mg/100g WW) and steamed (1.24±0.09 mg/100g WW) samples, respectively. In the case of copper, the highest (0.12±0.09 mg/100g WW) and lowest (0.07±0.003 mg/100g WW) concentration were recorded in the micro-waved and steamed specimens, respectively. The results for nickel was determined as 0.023±0.001 mg/100g WW and 0.016±0.0002 mg/100g WW in the fried and grilled fishes Moreover, the highest and the lowest level of essential elements which were recorded among the samples belonged to iron and nickel respectively. In all samples, the level of iron was recorded below the FDA limit. In addition, in all samples, the level of nickel, zinc, and copper was estimated below the maximum acceptable limit of WHO, MAFF, NHMRC, and FAO

Comparison of histamine concentration in Katsuwonus pelamis muscles (White and dark) and canned from Hormozgan Province

Fish and other marine products are valuable source of protein for human. This research was conducted to determine histamine concentration in fresh and canned muscles (White and dark) of Katsuwonus pelamis. For this purpose 9 samples of Katsuwonus pelamis and 15 samples of canned fish were prepared. After biometric evaluations, dark and light muscles were separated. Histamine content was measured with Thin Layer Chromatography method. The results showed that the average content of histamine in dark and white muscles were 154.3±52.46 and 124.4±47.05 µg/g, respectively. Moreover, the average concentration of histamine in canned was 160.52±87.59 µg/g. Although the histamine concentration between white muscle and canned fish was statistically significant, results revealed no significant difference between dark muscles with canned samples. Histamine cconcentration in all samples was lower than FDA standard (20 mg/100g), therefore Katsuwonus pelamis and canned fish would not cause allergic reactions in the consumers