On groups with the same character degrees as almost simple groups with socle the Mathieu groups

Let $G$ be a finite group and $cd(G)$ denote the set of complex irreducible character degrees of $G$. In this paper, we prove that if $G$ is a finite group and $H$ is an almost simple group whose socle is Mathieu group such that $cd(G) =cd(H)$, then there exists an Abelian subgroup $A$ of $G$ such that $G/A$ is isomorphic to $H$. This study is heading towards the study of an extension of Huppert's conjecture (2000) for almost simple groups.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1108.0010 by other author

The Stereotyped Representation of the Foreigner in Egyptian Cinema : A Phono-Morpho-Syntactic and Lexical Study and Corpus

This dissertation aims to describe how the foreigner is linguistically represented in classical Egyptian cinema from its beginning in the 1920s to the mid-1960s and, hence, to determine to what extent this representation is stereotyped. The study is based on a detailed analysis at various linguistic levels—phonological, morphosyntactic, and lexical—of a corpus of dialogues that involve actors and actresses who play the role of foreigner—namely Greek, Turk, and Italian—and interact with other actors in Egyptian Arabic. The study is divided into two parts: the first gives a historical account of the birth of Egyptian cinema, the three foreign communities subject of this study, and the social, economic, and cultural roles they played in Egypt’s modern history and its cinematic art. Besides, it introduces the theoretical and methodological frame of the study together with the introduction of its corpus. The second section of the study is the applied study, where I carried out a systematic investigation on phonological, morphosyntactic and lexical levels of the salient features that characterize the registers of the foreigners throughout the corpus. The linguistic analysis of the representation of foreigners in Egyptian cinema reveals a noticeable variation on the three linguistic levels. This variation is due to two main factors: a) the interference of L1 in L2 (EA), including broken language; and b) the simplification of the register, which is probably based on the limited input provided by the Egyptian interlocutors interacting in the form of foreigner talk with the foreigners. The analysis of the corpus demonstrates typical characteristics of a speaker of EA as a second language, especially on the phonological and lexical levels. However, some of the features that characterize the speech of the foreigner are more prominent than others, even to the extent of being ‘exaggerated’, while some others cannot be explained on the same basis. Moreover, a conservative lexical behavior suggests the existence of a common register used in the interactions Egyptian-Foreigner and Foreigner-Foreigner that passes from generation to generation, but also a fixed image of how the foreigners speak in EA that was stabilized in the Egyptians’ collective imaginary. Intriguingly, the registers of the three EA-speaking foreign communities display a clear simplification and many shared traits, despite their belonging to different linguistic backgrounds. Such shared traits suggest the possibility of language acquisition with limited input, based on the way the Egyptians were interacting with them, i.e. the foreigner talk, given the fact that many Egyptians were acquainted with the foreigners’ languages to different extents, as reflected in the movies themselves. By the same token, the linguistic representation of the foreigners in Egyptian cinema, as displayed in the corpus and investigated in this study, exhibits many typical traits of a stereotype, especially the stability, conformity, and reduction in representing the foreigner. This stereotyping goes beyond the linguistic representation. It is evident in the names of the foreign characters, their profession, or their social status.Das Hauptziel dieser Dissertation ist es, die Art und Weise zu beschreiben, wie Ausländer im klassischen ägyptischen Kino von seinen Anfängen in den 1920ern bis Mitte der 1960er Jahre sprachlich vertreten sind, um zu bestimmen, inwieweit diese Repräsentation stereotypiert ist. Die Studie untersucht detailliert und auf verschiedenen sprachlichen Ebenen—phonologisch, morphosyntaktisch und lexikalisch—einen Korpus von Dialogen, an denen Schauspieler und Schauspielerinnen beteiligt sind, die die Rolle eines Ausländers spielen—nämlich Griechen, Türken und Italiener—und mit anderen Akteuren in ägyptischem Arabisch (EA) interagieren. Die Studie gliedert sich in zwei Teile: Der erste Teil gibt einen historischen Bericht über die Geburt des ägyptischen Kinos, die drei untersuchten ausländischen Gemeinschaften, sowie die sozialen, ökonomischen und kulturellen Rollen, die sie in der modernen Geschichte Ägyptens und seiner Filmkunst spielten. Außerdem stellt dieser Teil den theoretischen und methodischen Rahmen der Studie vor und führt in den Korpus ein. Im zweite —angewandten—Teil der Studie nehme ich eine systematische Untersuchung der phonologischen, morphosyntaktischen und lexikalischen Ebenen der hervorstechenden Eigenschaften vor, welche die Register der Ausländer im gesamten Korpus charakterisieren. Die sprachliche Analyse der Repräsentation von Ausländern im ägyptischen Kino zeigt eine merkliche Variation auf den drei Sprachebenen. Diese Variation ist auf zwei Hauptfaktoren zurückzuführen: a) die Interferenz von L1 (Muttersprache) auf L2 (EA), einschließlich gebrochener Sprache; und b) die Vereinfachung des Registers, die wahrscheinlich auf dem begrenzten Input der ägyptischen Gesprächspartner beruht, die in Form von Foreigner Talk (FT) mit den Ausländern interagieren. Die Analyse des Korpus zeigt typische Merkmale eines EA–Sprechers als Zweitsprache, insbesondere auf phonologischer und lexikalischer Ebene. Einige der Eigenschaften, die die Sprache des Ausländers charakterisieren, treten jedoch prominenter hervor als andere, werden mithin sogar „übertrieben“, während andere nicht auf derselben Grundlage erklärt werden können. Darüber hinaus deutet ein konservatives lexikalisches Verhalten auf die Existenz eines gemeinsamen Registers hin, das in den Interaktionen Ägypter–Ausländer und Ausländer–Ausländer von Generation zu Generation verwendet wird, aber auch auf ein festes Bild davon, wie die Ausländer auf EA sprechen, welches in der kollektiven Imagination der Ägypter stabilisiert wurde. Interessanterweise weisen die Register der drei EA–sprechenden ausländischen Gemeinschaften eine deutliche Vereinfachung und viele gemeinsame Merkmale auf, obwohl sie unterschiedlichen sprachlichen Hintergründen angehören. Solche gemeinsamen Eigenschaften deuten auf die Möglichkeit des Spracherwerbs mit begrenztem Input hin: Die Ägypter interagierten mit ihnen im FT, da viele Ägypter—wie sich in den Filmen selbst widerspiegelte—die Sprachen der Ausländer in unterschiedlichem Maße kannten. Die im Korpus gezeigte und von der Studie untersuchte sprachliche Repräsentation der Ausländer im ägyptischen Kino weist gleichermaßen viele typische Eigenschaften eines Stereotyps auf, insbesondere die Stabilität, die Konformität und die Reduktion der Repräsentation des Ausländers. Diese Stereotypisierung geht über die sprachliche Repräsentation hinaus. Sie zeigt sich auch in den Namen der ausländischen Charaktere, ihrem Beruf oder ihrem sozialen Status

The Antibacterial Activity of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) with and without of Some Ligand Complexes of the Transitional Metal Ions of Ethyl Coumarin against Bacteria Isolate from Burn and Wound Infection

Antibacterial activities (in vitro study)  of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) with and without of some ligand complexes of the transitional metal ions of ethyl coumarin were carried out with the help of agar well diffusion method technique against four human pathogenic bacteria isolation from burn and  wound infections , Observed through the results and the presence of DMSO obvious effect on the bacterial species under study, When melting ligand complexes of the transitional metal ions of ethyl coumarin in DMSO and tested on bacteria see a significant increase in the diameters of the inhibition of the growth of bacteria, compared with the use of DMSO alone, it has observed that the complex 3and 4 was more active than the others. The complexes 1,2,5,6  also has showed substantial antimicrobial activity. Furthermore The staphylococcus aureus bacteria was more types of bacteria sensitive to the effect of the complex studied . Keywords: Antimicrobial activities, Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), human pathogenic bacteria, burn & wound infections

The Antibacterial activity of new ethyl 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate complexes against bacteria isolate from wound infection in Baghdad city

The related researches are based on preparation and mixed of some ligand complexes of the transitional metal ions [Cu(II), La (III)] with ethyl coumarin (ethyl 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate) , finally on the studies of antimicrobial (antibacterial) activities of the same. For their synthesis the prepared solutions of metal chlorides are allowed to react with an ethanolic solution of ethyl 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate in different ratio. Disc diffusion methods were employed for antimicrobial assays against four human pathogenic bacteria isolation from wound infection The bacterial properties of the metal complexes reveal that the Lanthanum complex is more effective against almost all antibacterial tested. Furthermore The staphylococcus aureus bacteria was more types of bacteria sensitive to the effect of the complex studied . Key words: Antimicrobial activities, metal complexes, human pathogenic bacteria, wound infectio

Investigation of NbNx Thin Films and Nanoparticles Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition and Thermal Diffusion

Niobium nitride films (NbNx) were grown on Nb and Si (100) substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD), laser heating, and thermal diffusion methods. Niobium nitride films were deposited on Nb substrates using PLD with a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm, 40 ns pulse width, and 10 Hz repetition rate) at different laser fluences, different nitrogen background pressures and deposition temperatures. The effect of changing PLD parameters for films done by PLD was studied. The seen observations establish guidelines for adjusting the laser parameters to achieve the desired morphology and phase of the grown NbNx films. When the fabrication parameters are fixed, except for laser fluence, surface roughness, deposition rate, nitrogen content, and grain size increases with increasing laser fluence. Increasing nitrogen background pressure leads to change in the phase structure of the NbNx films from mixed -Nb2N and cubic δ-NbN phases to single hexagonal β- Nb2N. A change in substrate temperature led to a pronounced change in the preferred orientation of the crystal structure, the phase transformation, surface roughness, and composition of the films. The structural, electronic, and nanomechanical properties of niobium nitride PLD deposited at different nitrogen pressures (26.7-66.7 Pa) on Si(100) were investigated. The NbNx, films exhibited a cubic δ-NbN with a strong (111) orientation. A correlation between surface morphology, electronic, and superconducting properties was found. The highly-textured δ-NbN films have a Tc up to 15.07 K. The film was deposited at a nitrogen background pressure of 66.7 Pa exhibited improved superconducting properties and showed higher hardness values as compared to films deposited at lower nitrogen pressures. NbN nanoclusters that were deposited on carbon coated Cu-grids using PLD at laser fluence of 8 J/cm2 were observed. Niobium nitride is prepared by heating of Nb sample in a reactive nitrogen atmosphere (133 Pa) at a temperature of 900 °C. The results suggest that the niobium nitride was crystalline in the single phase of hexagonal β-Nb2N. As heating time increased, film growth continued with improvement in hardness and modulus. The XRD of samples prepared by a thermal diffusion method at low nitrogen pressure and high temperatures were reported. The samples were prepared at temperatures ranging from 1250–1500 °C. 2D-XRD images of samples, processed at temperature range from 1250 –1500 °C at pressure of 1.3×10-3 Pa, showed the formation of an α phase. As pressure increased to 0.13 Pa, an α-NbN phase mixed with β-Nb2N phase appeared. Niobium nitride samples were prepared by laser nitridation using a Q-switched Nd: YAG nanosecond laser and Ti: sapphire femtosecond lasers. The effects of laser fluence on the formed phase, surface morphology, and electronic properties of the NbNx were investigated. Samples were prepared using Nd: YAG laser are of NbNx in the cubic δ-NbN phase. The femtosecond laser-nitrided samples were prepared by different laser fluences of 0.1–1.3 mJ/cm2 at 4.0×104 Pa nitrogen pressure. NbNx samples with mixedα, β and δ phases were observed. The cubic δ-NbN structure is dominated over the other two phases

Sporadic simple groups as flag-transitive automorphism groups of symmetric designs

In this article, we study symmetric designs admitting flag-transitive, point-imprimitive almost simple automorphism groups with socle sporadic simple groups. As a corollary, we present a classification of symmetric designs admitting flag-transitive automorphism group whose socle is a sporadic simple group, and in conclusion, there are exactly seven such designs, one of which admits a point-imprimitive automorphism group and the remaining are point-primitive