Not Available

Not AvailableA simple modified method for preparation of fish chromosomes has been developed by adding colchicine in the minimum essential medium Eagle to obtain better chromosome morphology. The gill and kidney tissues were placed in the medium for 1 hr and then further processed for chromosome preparation according the routine citrate-flame drying technique. The usefulness of the technique is described.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe complete mitochondrial genome of Schizothorax progastus, an endemic coldwater fish of Himalayas, was determined for the first time. The genome was 16,575 bp in length and consists of 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2rRNA genes and one putative control region. The gene organization and its order were similar to other vertebrates. The overall base composition was – A: 29.8%, G: 17.8%, C: 27%, T: 25.4%, AþT content: 55.2% and the GþC content: 44.8%. The control region also consisted of a microsatellite locus (TA)12 between 16,466 and 16,489 bp. The present study will provide the rationale for the management and conservation of S. progastus.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableGlycerol accumulation in blood plasma and modulation in the activities of selected enzymes associated with glycerol synthesis in the liver under cold temperature were assessed in two freshwater cyprinid fishes, Schizothorax richardsonii (snow trout) and Barilius bendelisis (Indian hill trout). Fishes were collected from Kosi River, Uttarakhand during late October 2011 (water temperature 15-16 0C) and after an acclimatisation for 7 days they were maintained at lower temperature of 5 0C over a period of 96 h. The decrease in temperature triggered higher accumulation of glycerol in the blood plasma of both the species. Glycerol accumulation in plasma was found to be associated with changes in enzyme in the liver. In both the species, liver exhibited higher activities of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and higher concentration of dihydroxy acetone phosphate (DHAP) which gets converted into glycerol. The increased activities of different enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism indicated the utilisation of amino acids as carbon source in glycerol synthesis. The measure of enzymes associated with gluconeogenesis indicated typical gluconeogenic pathway associated with glycerol synthesis. Based on the enzyme profile studied, it was established that the freshwater cyprinids; S. richardsonii and B. bendelisis, a decrease in water temperature triggered the release of glycerol in the blood plasma and also activated metabolic response for glycerol accumulation. The higher accumulation of glycerol seems to contribute towards cold adaptation in these species.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe teleost fishes depend on their innate immune system for first line of defense. Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a member of the collectin family of proteins that plays an important role in the innate immune response in many vertebrates including fish. The present study was thus carried out to identify and characterize MBL homologue from snow trout. The cDNA of snow trout MBL homologue (galactose binding; Sch-GBL) was cloned and characterized. The obtained cDNA (778-bp) contains 762 bp long ORF (open reading frame) and a 16 bp partial 30UTR (untranslated region); transcripts are ubiquitously expressed in all the tissues under study. Sch-GBL encodes a 253-aa protein that clusters with that of common carp, goldfish and contain several common structural motifs. In addition, the Ka/Ks ratios of the C-type lectin domain sequences depicts that they are under negative selection. Sch-GBL transcript level increases in response to challenge to Aeromonas hydrophila infection and decreases in response to downshift in temperature. Altogether, these findings suggest that Sch-GBL play an important role in the first line of fish defense mechanisms.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe karyotypical analysis of two fish species, Schistura obliquofascia and Puntius chelynoides, from the Kumaun Himalayan Rivers was carried out to ascertain the taxonomic position of the species. The diploid chromosome number in S. obliquofascia was ascertained to be 2n = 50 with a karyotype of 2n = 20 metacentric (m), 20 submetacentric (sm), 6 subtelocentric (st) and 4 telocentric (t) chromosomes, and a fundamental arm number (FN) of 90, where as in P. chelynoides, the diploid chromosome number was 100 with a karyotypic formula of 2n = 26m+16sm+18st+40t with a fundamental arm number (FN) of 142. No sex chromosome pair was identified in the form of a heteromorphic pair in either of the species. The relationship within closely related species for both the genus was also discussed using this chromosomal data.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe rapid and accurate characterization of species using morphological data is a critical constraint. To overcome this, species identification using molecular tools has been supplemented in many studies in present era. The present study was designed to test the utility of Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) DNA barcodes for the identification of two commercially important coldwater species of Genus Schizothorax (Snow trout), Family Cyprinidae, from Uttarakhand Himalayas. COI gene (655 bp) was amplified using PCR and sequenced. The mean intra-specific nucleotide sequence divergence was 1.75% (range 0.00-3.50%) and inter-specific divergence of S. richardsonii is 0.00% (range 0.00040-0.00080%) and S. progastus is 0.00% (range 0.00036- 0.000206), respectively. Although, DNA bar-coding aims to develop species identification systems, some phylogenetic signal was apparent in the data. It was concluded that COI sequencing or ‘bar-coding’, was found to be suitable for the identification of coldwater fish species.Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT), New Delh

Not Available

Not AvailableThe snowtrout (Schizothorax richardsonii) is an economically important fish in the north-east Himalayan region. However, genomic research on this species is still in its infancy, and genomic resources are largely unavailable. The objective of this study was to generate expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a brain complementary DNA (cDNA) library and to identify the genes. A total of 1031 ESTs were sequenced, from which 73 contigs and 411 singletons were identified. BLAST homology analysis indicated that only 9.3% of these ESTs were homologues of known genes while the remaining 90.7% appeared to be novel sequences. Based on sequence similarities, 45 putative genes were identified that encodes stress proteins, enzymes and signal transduction regulators. Our study thus, provides a collection of novel transcripts and a partial annotation of genes that are expressed in brain tissue of the snowtrout species, S. richardsonii.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe Snowtrout, Schizothorax richardsonii, is a vulnerable fish species found in different rivers and rivulets of the Himalayan region. The species is also a suitable poikilotherm to study the low temperature tolerance as it dwells well at a temperature range of 5-20 0C. The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins play an integral role in cellular acclimation response. The present RNA sequencing was done to identify solute carrier transporter which are the major gene cascades responsible for transport of sugars, amino acids, oligonucleotides, ions, drugs, etc. to and from the cell organelles. A reference transcriptome database was created from liver tissue of Schizothorax richardsonii through RNA sequencing on Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. The sequences were annotated and characterized under various solute carrier families in the species. So far, 113 transcripts were identified as solute carrier transporter genes categorized under 13 different families. This data will be useful for many researchers working on gene cloning and differential expression of solute carriers.Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR

Data on solute carrier transporter genes of a threatened Himalayan fish species – Schizothorax richardsonii

The Snowtrout, Schizothorax richardsonii, is a vulnerable fish species found in different rivers and rivulets of the Himalayan region. The species is also a suitable poikilotherm to study the low-temperature tolerance as it dwells well at a temperature range of 5–20 °C. The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins play an integral role in cellular acclimation response. The present RNA sequencing was done to identify solute carrier transporter which are the major gene cascades responsible for transport of sugars, amino acids, oligonucleotides, ions, drugs, etc. to and from the cell organelles. A reference transcriptome database was created from liver tissue of Schizothorax richardsonii through RNA sequencing on Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. The sequences were annotated and characterized under various solute carrier families in the species. So far, 113 transcripts were identified as solute carrier transporter genes categorized under 13 different families. This data will be useful for many researchers working on gene cloning and differential expression of solute carriers. Keywords: RNA-Seq, Molecular characterization, Cellular transporter

Not Available

Not AvailableGolden Mahseer (Tor putitora) is an economically important fish of India and Southeast Asia. The present study examined the genetic variations between seven geographically isolated populations of T. putitora using Cyt b (Cytochrome b) and ATPase6/8 gene sequences of mitochondrial DNA. Analysis of 133 sequences of Cyt b (1141 bp) and 130 sequences of ATPase6/8 gene (842 bp) revealed 47 and 44 haplotypes, respectively. The estimated haplotype and nucleotide diversity was high in River Jia Bhoreli (Bhalukpong) population (h=1.00000, π=0.007121 for Cyt b and h=0.90441 π=0.004867 for ATPase6/8). Results of AMOVA indicated that majority of the genetic variations in both genes were due to variation among populations (60.79% for Cyt b and 51.41% for ATPase6/8 gene). The pairwise F(ST) comparison and neighbor-joining tree revealed high genetic divergence of River Jia Bhoreli population from other populations. The understanding of genetic variations of T. putitora populations will play a key role in conservation and management of this endangered fish species.Not Availabl