Design and Simulation of Effective 90 degrees Bend Waveguide Based on Hexagonal Lattice Photonic Crystal

One area of silicon photonics that has attracted attention lately is that of Photonic Crystal(PhC) components. Passive components based on 2D Photonic Crystals have experienced major developments in the last few years. PhCs extends an optimistic stand for upcoming small scale ICs over optical communication. The disadvantage of conventional waveguides is that, they gives high transmission loss during the light passing through sharp corners. This loss can be minimized by adjusting the fiber bending radius such that it should be several times higher than transmission wavelengths used. We can overcome the difficulties by using Photonic Crystals having Band Gaps. Photonic Crystals are considered for minimization of optical power loss during sharp bending and splitting. In this paper we focus on the design of effective 90 degrees bend waveguide by using three channel waveguides with two 60 degrees bends by using hexagonal lattice. The optical modelling of the proposed structures are investigated by using 2-D Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method