KWH METER DIGITAL PRABAYAR UNTUK SKALA RUMAH TANGGA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM VOUCHER Sub Judul : PENGAMANAN SISTEM M-VOUCHER

Pada umumnya KWH meter yang digunakan oleh PLN adalah KWH meter analog. Tetapi KWH ini mempunyai kelemahan, salah satunya adalah dengan sistem pembayaran paskabayar, dapat memungkinkan pelanggan menunggak tagihan listrik. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut maka dibuat sebuah KWH meter digital dengan sistem prabayar. Sehingga pelanggan harus membeli voucher khusus untuk dapat menggunakan listrik dari PLN. Nilai voucher ini akan terus berkurang seiring dengan pemakaian listrik. Apabila nilai voucher hampir habis akan diberi indikator pemberitahuan dan sistem akan memutus daya apabila nilai voucher habis. Agar dapat menggunakan kembali listrik, maka pelanggan harus membeli voucher khusus lagi. Pembayaran dengan sistem prabayar membuat KWH ini berbeda dengan KWH meter pada umumnya. KWH meter ini akan berfungsi setelah membeli sebuah voucher khusus yang berisi besaran digital (berfungsi sebagai pulsa) sebagai pembanding besaran energi yang digunakan. Sistem secara otomatis akan memutuskan tegangan rumah apabila bila besaran tersebut mencapai nol. Cara pembelian pulsa adalah dengan membeli di dealer-dealer penjual pulsa KWH. Dealer tersebut mengirim sms ke server PLN untuk mendapatkan kode voucher yang sudah terenkripsi. Kemudian dealer tersebut memberikan kode tersebut kepada konsumen. Metode enkripsi yang digunakan akan mengacu pada mesin enigma, teknologi enkripsi yang berupa simulasi penyambungan antara karakter yang satu dengan karakter yang lain mengunakan beberapa komponen yaitu, plugboard, stator, 3 buah rotor dan reflektor. Dalam metode ini dibuat beberapa modifikasi salah satunya yaitu apabila pada umumnya mesin enigma mengolah karakter huruf dan angka, disini metode enigma hanya digunakan untuk mengolah angka

To be or not to be an obstetrician / gynaecologist

Objectives: This qualitative study aimed to explore motivational sources of physicians, at the time of selection and while pursuing ObGyn career. Secondary aim was to explore challenges and strategies adapted by these physicians to overcome these challenges.Methods: This is qualitative study with constrictive worldview. ObGyn residents and consultants of Aga Khan University, Karachi, were interviewed from July 2017 till Jan 2019, after ethical approval, using purposeful maximum variation sampling. Analysis were conducted by identifying keywords and phrases, these unedited verbatim with no assumptions provided basis for codes, which then clustered as trends. Emerging findings were discussed among authors and themes were finalized with consensus. Conclusion was formulated by linking these themes.Results: Four themes emerged were, \u27grounds for selecting ObGyn as career\u27, \u27Motivational Factors\u27, \u27Demotivating Factors\u27 and \u27Strategies to Cope with Challenges\u27. Results showed that aptitude and passion not only have pivotal role in career selection but also helped in pursuance. Personal fulfilment and hands-on experience satisfy emotional needs, while family and friends supported participants in maintaining work-life balance and in over-coming challenges.Conclusions: Considering personal preference and aptitude at the time of career selection helps in endurance and keep motivations high, while challenges in pursuance can be overcome by strong support system

House Officers’ Perspective of Leadership in Undergraduate Curriculum: A Qualitative Study

Objective: To explore the house officers’ perspective about leadership skills and their development during undergraduate training. Methodology: This qualitative study was conducted in September 2019. Two audio-recorded focus groups discussions were conducted with house officers; each comprised of six participants. Purposeful maximum variation sampling was used with equal coverage of gender including low and high scorers based on their academic records. Open-ended questions were asked with short follow-up questions. Verbatim transcription of the entire discussion was done, followed by content analysis. The findings were described using quotes, and illustrations. Member checking and triangulation with the frequency of quotes was used for validation. Results: Leadership skills identified by the study participants were the same as priori themes given in “NHS-Medical Leadership Competency Framework” namely “demonstrating personal qualities” 47 (38.84%) (Self-management, self-awareness, acting with integrity), working with others 37 (30.58%) (Communication skills, teamwork), improving services 16(13.22%) (Empathy, ensuring patient safety), management skills 12(9.92%) (Time management, resource management, managing critical situations) and setting direction 9 (7.44%) (Setting and achieving targets, decision making). The process of leadership development was explored in three dimensions i.e. contributing factors, potential obstacles, and suggested improvements to enhance leadership skills. The most common theme in all these domains was faculty-related followed by environment-related and student-related factors.  Conclusion: “Faculty-related factors” was the most emerging theme in contributing factors, potential obstacles as well as in suggested improvements for leadership development

Non-technical skills training to enhance performance of obstetrics and gynaecology residents in the operating room

The importance of incorporating non-technical skills in surgical training cannot be understated, however, these remain non-core components of training. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a training course in improving residents\u27 non-technical skills performance in the operating room. Twenty-eight eligible Obstetrics and Gynaecology residents were divided into conventional and experimental groups by using blocked randomisation. The experimental group received a training course comprising of 20 h over 5 weeks as an educational intervention. A blinded assessor assessed non-technical skill performance by using non-technical skill for surgeons rating system while performing two procedures evacuation and curettage and elective caesarean section in pretest and post-test phase. The post-test results of experimental training group improved significantly in all four categories: situational awareness, decision-making, communication and leadership than the conventional training group demonstrating the effectiveness of a training course. Participants found the course useful and relevant to their practices and strongly recommended the incorporation of similar courses in early years of training. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Operating room is the mainstay of surgeons and the majority of the studies done in the operating room relate to structured courses to teach residents about non-technical skills, with training and evaluation done on the same day. These either explores the perception of trainees, expansion of the cognitive component and/or feasibility of training for non-technical skills. To date, there is a lack of evidence in the literature to address questions regarding the appropriate time to incorporate non-technical skills in the curriculum, due to study designs. This highlights the need for more randomised control trials with different curricular designs to evaluate effectiveness. What do the results of this study add? The results of our study enable a comparative analysis between learning curves of conventional training, with the experimental group demonstrating the effectiveness of a training course. This strongly supports implementation of non-technical training in postgraduate competency-based curricula. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This study shall be used as an evidence-based source to design curricula for teaching non-technical skills to residents