Anal canal carcinoma treatment results: the experience of a single institution

<b>Background and Objectives:</b> Prior to the mid-1980s, the treatment of choice for anal cancer was abdominoperineal resection. Currently, combined chemoradiation is the standard of care. Or objective was to analyze results of treatment for anal canal carcinoma treated with combined chemoradiation. <b>Design and Setting:</b> 0Retrospective review of data in local cancer registry at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) from a 12-year period (1993 to 2005). <b>Methods:</b> We identified patients with confirmed diagnosis of anal canal squamous cell carcinoma. <b>Results:</b> Of 40 patients identified, 33 were considered eligible for our analysis. All patients were treated by concurrent chemoradiation with mandatory treatment break (MTB) There were 10 (30&#x0025;) local recurrences. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 50.9&#x0025;; overall survival (OS) at 5 years was 73.4&#x0025;. Patients with stage II disease had a median PFS period of 10 years, with no relapses until their last follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in PFS between patients with stage IIIA disease and those with stage IIIB disease-44.7&#x0025; and 45&#x0025;, respectively (<i>P</i>=.8). Five-year PFS according to &#x2032;T&#x2032; stages was as follows: T1, 66&#x0025;; T2, 71&#x0025;; T3, 59&#x0025;; T4, 30&#x0025; (<i>P</i>&gt;.05). The 5-year colostomy-free survival (CFS) for all patients was 74&#x0025;. Distant metastases were observed in 4 patients. <b>Conclusion:</b> Combined chemoradiation in treatment of anal cancer is effective in terms of local control and sphincter preservation. Five-year estimates of PFS, OS, as well as CFS, in patients treated with a MTB were surprisingly comparable to those determined in most non-MTB series. However, we reported a higher local failure rate, for which we are reevaluating our treatment protocol