Do People Make the Place?: An Examination of the Attraction-Selection-Attrition Hypothesis

This study tests the hypotheses that (1) congruence between internal need states and external environments drives the organizational-choice process, and (2) those attracted to particular organizations are more homogeneous than the applicant pool in general. Subjects were evaluated on fourteen needs using the Jackson Personality Research Form. They then viewed two video-taped segments of simulated campus interviews to gain information about two distinct organizational types. The interview segments entered the discussion in-progress to avoid any reference to a particular job which might introduce an occupational confound. Subjects received job offers from both organizations and were asked to indicate which of the two organizations they found more attractive by accepting one of the offers. Analysis of variance results indicated only weak support for the congruency hypothesis. Differences were observed in n Ach between the groups of subjects attracted to each organization. No differences were found for any of the other need strength measures. This suggests that the subjects attracted to the ifferent organizations are substantially similar. Implications for the homogeneity hypothesis are discussed and suggestions for further study of this concept are offered

Measurement and Dimensionality of Compensation Satisfaction in Law Enforcement

This research examined the dimensionality of carpensation satisfaction for the occupational area of law enforcanent by analyzing the factor structure of Henanan and SChwab\u27s (1985) Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) . The PSQ is intended to measure four facets of compensation satisfaction: 1) pay level, 2) benefits, 3) pay raises, and 4) pay structure-administration. Previous research showed support for the PSQ level and benefits scales, but yielded equivocal results for the raises and structure-administration scales. Previous research also showed that the factor structure of the PSQ varied by job classification group. The present study, using data fran 1189 unifomed law enforcanent officers anployed by eight different state police or highway patrol organizations, found that a three-factor solution (level, benefits, and structure-administration) represents the appropriate dimensional structure for compensation satisfaction in the occupational area of law enforcanent, at least within the danain of the 18 itans of the PSQ. These findings are integrated with those of previous research, and implications for research and practice are discussed

Paradigmatic shifts in occlusion and temporomandibular disorders

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72325/1/j.1365-2842.2001.00658.x.pd

Electromyographic Silent Periods and Jaw Motion Parameters: Quantitative Measures of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

The purpose of this research was to compare, in the subjects, the duration of the EMG silent period with jaw motion error. The results indicate that both jaw motion error and silent period duration are large in patients with TMJ-muscle-pain dysfunction, both are small in normal subjects, and both are small in successfully treated patients. There is a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.91; P < 0.01) between the two diagnostic parameters of TMJ-muscle-pain dysfunction.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67021/2/10.1177_00220345770560031001.pd

Organizational Search and Choice Revisited: The Role of Human Resource Systems in the Applicant\u27s Decision Making Process

Over the past decade we have learned a lot about how individuals choose organizations in which to work. However, this literature has generally failed to consider the role of an important class of attributes; the human resource systems that operate within organizations. Reward systems and mobility systems have unique motivating characteristics, are relatively visible, and vary widely between organizations. This paper attempts to make explicit when and how these variables might influence organizational attractiveness and applicants\u27 decision making processes

Does the quantity of enteral nutrition affect outcomes in critically ill trauma patients?

Abstract from Clinical Nutrition Week, Orlando, FL, January 29-February 2, 2005

Effect of bite force on the power spectrum of the surface electromyogram of human jaw muscles

The frequency content of the surface electromyogram (EMG) of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles of 14 normal adults was obtained during maximum clench in intercuspal position, as well as at different bite force levels. Frequency analysis was carried out by computer using a fast Fourier transform algorithm to obtain the power-spectral density function and the power spectrum of the EMG signal. Bite force was monitored by a force transducer placed intra-orally. The power spectra of the anterior temporal muscle during maximum clench in intercuspal position were significantly wider than those of the masseter muscle, indicating that the EMG of the former muscle contained more power at high frequencies than that of the masseter muscle. Increase in bite force produced, in both muscles, a power-spectrum shift to lower frequencies. The shift was probably caused by recruitment of larger motor units and by increase in synchronization between them. Different contents of A, B and C fibres and/or differences in thickness of skin covering the muscles could account for the differences between the temporal and masseter muscle power spectra.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24540/1/0000820.pd

Power spectral analysis of the surface electromyogram of human jaw muscles during fatigue

Muscle fatigue in the anterior temporal and masseter muscles of 13 normal subjects was induced by maximum clench in intercuspal position. Frequency analysis using a fast Fourier transform algorithm to obtain the power-spectral density function and the power spectrum of the electromyogram signal indicated that the power spectra obtained during fatigue were statistically significantly shifted to lower frequencies and narrower than those obtained at the beginning of the clench. The shift was due to a significant increase of the power in the low-frequency range and a significant decrease of that in the high-frequency range. The power-spectrum shift to lower frequencies had an exponential time course. The most pronounced shift occurred in the first 25 per cent of the total clenching time. Decrease of the conduction velocity of the action potential along the muscle fibre seems to be the main cause of the shift.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24568/1/0000850.pd

Frequency analysis of human jaw tremor at rest

It is not known whether rest position is controlled actively by a low degree of muscular activity or passively by muscular and tissue visco-elasticity. The frequency analysis of the jaw tremor at rest was studied to determine if it could be useful for the study of rest position. Jaw tremor was recorded in three different head positions of normal subjects by two accelerometers fixed to the upper and lower premolars. The acceleration signals were low-pass filtered, digitized and analysed by computer. A Fast Fourier Transform algorithm was used to determine spectral density. Electromyograms of the right and left anterior temporal and masseter muscles and an electrocardiogram were recorded with surface electrodes, and the data correlated with jaw tremor. The lower jaw oscillated at the same frequency as the head, and the tremor was a low-frequency narrow-band process. Head deflection produced changes in the power spectral density of the tremor. A time correlation between the shape of the acceleration raw data and the heart beat was present in every subject. However, frequency content and power spectral density of the jaw tremor at rest may be determined also by the degree of muscular activity.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23748/1/0000721.pd

An electromyographic study of jaw opening and closing reflexes in man

The electromyographic activity of the right masseter and digastric muscles was recorded in 10 subjects. A jaw-opening reflex was observed shortly after a mechanical stimulation in subjects performing clenching and active jaw-opening exercises. The latency of this reflex activity was about 28 ms, coinciding with the termination of the silent period of the masseter muscle. The experiments show that this opening reflex can occur without masseter spindle-unloading and may respond to low-threshold afferents.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24082/1/0000336.pd