Effects of Attachment Styles on Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to examine adolescent’s attachment with parents and its association with anger, life satisfaction and sociability. The sample of the study was selected from different high schools and colleges in Peshawar through convenience sampling method. Sample of four hundred (N=400) students with age range of 14 to 18 years and mean age calculated for total sample as 15.54 years, the sample further comprised of two hundred (n=200) boys with mean age of 15.05 and two hundred (n=200) girls with mean age of 16.02 years. Tools used in the study included perceived child parent attachment scale for mother, perceived child parent attachment scale for father, the clinical anger scale, sociability scale and satisfaction with life scale all were self-administered. Results revealed significant negative correlation between insecure attachment style and sociability. Results shown that adolescents who scored higher on avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles were positively associated with anger and negatively linked with secure attachment. While perceived child parent attachment had not a significant impact on life satisfaction of adolescents. The findings of present study revealed that insecure attachment styles were positively linked with anger and negatively linked with sociability among adolescents. Boys showed more anger score as compared to girls and there was not significant difference on sociability and life satisfaction scores among girls and boys. It is concluded that perceived child parents attachment styles plays a key part in the development of anger, sociability and life satisfaction among adolescents

Decays and spectrum of bottom and bottom strange mesons

The strong decay amplitudes and radiative partial widths of orbital and radially excited states of $B$ and $B_s$ mesons are presented. These results are obtained with a nonrelativistic potential quark model, the nonrelativistic reduction of the electromagnetic transition operator, and the "$^3P_0$" model of strong decays. The predictions are compared to experiment where possible and assignments for the recently discovered states, $B_1(5721)$, $B_2^*(5747)$, $B_J(5840)$, $B_J(5970)$, $B_{s1}(5830)$, and $B_{s2}^*(5840)$, are made.Comment: 36 pages, 3 figure

Thermal Transport Properties of Bi2O2Se-Ag2Se Hybrid Structures

The series of Bi2O2Se-Ag2Se composites were synthesized by two step solid state reaction followed by Spark plasma sintering. To optimize their thermal transport properties, different weight percent (wt. %) of silver i-e, 10%, 15% and 20%, was added. The room temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high temperature XRD was used to investigate the crystalline phases,  whereas the morphological study was conducted through FESEM. The thermal transport properties were evaluated from 323 K to 773 K, to study the effect of silver addition on thermal conductivity of all the composite samples. The reduced thermal conductivity of the composite with decreasing Ag contents is might be attributed to increase of the Ag2Se and Bi2O3 nano-inclusions in Bi2O2Se multi-phase-system that increased the phonon scattering regions and reduced the overall thermal conductivity significantly, up to 54 % for BA15SO as compared to that of BA20CO at 473 K

Tuning Monte Carlo Models to Reproduce Cosmic Radiation Interacting with the Earth’s Atmosphere

In this work, we performed a comparative study between HIJING, Sibyll, and QGSJET model-based event generators. Such Monte Carlo (MC) models are used to simulate the interaction and propagation of high-energy cosmic radiation (e.g., coming from the sun) with the Earth’s atmosphere. The global event observables selected for the study were the transverse momentum (pT) spectra and rapidity density distributions of strange particles (KS0, Λ, and Ξ−). This study was performed in the STAR and CMS fiducial phase spaces by simulating the strange particles in pp collisions at s = 200 GeV, 900 GeV, and 7 TeV, and the simulations were then compared to the experimental measurements. It was observed that none of the discussed model-based event generators ultimately predicted the experimental results, except QGSJET, which generally agrees reasonably with the data. However, QGSJET does not produce Ξ particles; therefore, it does not provide any predictions for Ξ. The other two models reproduced the data only in a limited rapidity or transverse momentum region while mainly underpredicting the data in the rest of the areas. These cosmic radiation simulation models are capable of covering the mid-rapidity regions of density distributions. Utilizing model-based observations, some fundamental parameters can be re-tuned and extrapolations to the highest energies can be investigated. Furthermore, these observations can provide valuable insights that could potentially constrain and improve perturbative- and non-perturbative-based QCD event generators, thereby facilitating a better understanding of the underlying physics