Adsorption of methylene blue dye by using modified Fe/Attapulgite clay

ABSTRACT In this work, attapulgite clay was modified iron to obtained (Fe/attapulgite) and its capacity for the removal of a typical cationic dye, methylene blue, was studied. The modified samples were characterized by SEM, EDX, nitrogen-adsorption surface area (BET) and FTIR techniques. Various operational parameters such as pH, initial dye concentration, mass dosage and solution temperature in batch systems were investigated on the use of Fe/attapulgite in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye. The amount of dye removed was dependent on initial dye concentration, mass dosage pH of solution and solution temperature. Experimental data were analyzed using three model equations: Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms and it was found that the Freundlich isotherm model fitted the adsorption data most with the highest correlation (R2≥0.986). Thermodynamic parameters, such as Gibbs free energy (∆G), enthalpy (∆H), and entropy (∆S) were calculated. The adsorption of MB dye onto Fe/attapulgite was found to be spontaneous and endothermic in nature, this study shows that the adsorption confirm physisorption mechanism

Adult Normal Value and Deficiency Percentage of Serum Zinc in both Sexes Iraqi Healthy Population, using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer (AAS)

The essential trace elements were very significant for the life of humans, and the imbalance in blood serum lead to so serious diseases. In this study, zinc (Zn) has been measured in the serum of  2005 samples (1305 male and 700 female) apparently healthy Iraqi persons aged 20-70 years using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). The mean concentration of Zn was (0.96 – 1.12 mg ml-1) in males and slightly lower (0.8 – 1.02 mg ml-1) in females. The concentration of Zinc was slightly increased by age, especially in the groups of 31-40 years, and slightly reduced in the group of 51-61 years. The concentration of zinc in all groups of the study seems to be stable. The study showed that there is a deficiency in Zn value (Zn concentration below 0.5 mg ml-1) in the male and females healthy populations by 22.9% and 18.85%, respectively

Preperation of sodium alginate-based SA-g-poly(ITA-co-VBS)/RC hydrogel nanocomposites: And their application towards dye adsorption

A superabsorbent polymer, Sodium Alginate-g-Poly (Itaconic acid-co-Sodium 4-vinyl benzenesulfonate)/ Ricinus communis (SA-g-P(ITA-co-VBS)/ RC) hydrogel, was prepared by free-radical graft co-polymerization for sequestration of toxic malachite green (MG) dye as a cationic dye model. The surface morphological of shape and composition of the prepared hydrogel used have been characterized by FESEM, EDX, TEM, FTIR, X-ray diffraction XRD, and TGA. Optimizing the synthesis conditions for prepared a hydrogel with the highest swelling ratio have been studied, the results show that employing 0.08 g KPS and 0.09 g MBA, 1.0 g ITA, 2.0 g VBS, 1.0 g SA, and 1.0 g RC, the composites greatest swelling capacity in distilled water was 3400 %. It was discovered that the dye adsorption capacity of the polymer was greatly impacted by the monomer VBS level in the hydrogel, which gives it a better ability to swell. The porosity of the hydrogel spheres, thus significantly enhancing the MG adsorption capacity with the rate-limiting controlled by chemical adsorption, intraparticle diffusion, and film diffusion. Study the influence of different reaction conditions on the removal of MG dye from aqueous solution are adsorbent dose, pH, zero-point charge, temperature, thermodynamic adsorption, adsorption isotherm, and kinetic models have been done. Additionally, (SA-g-P(ITA-co-VBS)/RC) demonstrated strong MG dye adsorption capabilities and reusability in at least four adsorption-desorption cycles this process indicating its considerable potential for use as the adsorbent for dye removals from aqueous solution

Introduction of TbFeO3/TbCoO3 as a visible-active heterojunction nanocomposite: Facile synthesis and characterization with an environment-lover approach

A facile sol-gel method was used to synthesize an innovative nanocomposite containing Terbium orthoferrite (TbFeO3) and Terbium orthocobaltite (TbFeO3) with olive and Vitex agnus-castus leaves as natural reduction agents. The desired product comprised of two perovskites, TbFeO3 and TbCoO3, was utilized to degrade two anionic and cationic dyes after optimizing the synthesis conditions. A better photocatalytic efficiency in acidic media may be achieved as a result of the better performance of this nanocomposite for degradation of anionic dye. Also, the two other reactions were performed separately in order to synthesize each of the components of the as-synthesized nanocomposites. A couple of three-component nanocomposites with fascinating properties were produced as a result of this experiment. As a result of optical studies, different patterns of charge carrier transfer were assumed for them, which contributed to the theoretical creation of heterojunction photocatalysts with a variety of configurations. A summary of the results shows that the maximum degradation percentage of Eriochrom Black T during 90 min under visible light in pH = 5 in the presence of as-prepared was 91.7. This two-component nanocomposite demonstrated a type I configuration for charge carrier transfer

Simple sonochemical synthesis, characterization of TmVO4 nanostructure in the presence of Schiff-base ligands and investigation of its potential in the removal of toxic dyes

Thulium vanadate (TmVO4) nanorods were successfully prepared by a simple sonochemical approach using Schiff-base ligands. Additionally, TmVO4 nanorods were employed as a photocatalyst. The most optimal crystal structure and morphology of TmVO4 have been determined and optimized by varying Schiff-base ligands, the molar ratio of H2Salen, the sonication time and power, and the calcination time. A Eriochrome Black T (EBT) analysis revealed that the specific surface area was 24.91 m2/g. A bandgap of 2.3 eV was determined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) spectroscopy, which makes this compound suitable for visible photocatalytic applications. In order to assess the photocatalytic performance under visible light, two anionic dyes (EBT) and cationic dyes (Methyl Violet (MV)) were used as models. A variety of factors have been studied in order to improve the efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction, including dye type, pH, dye concentration, and catalyst loading. Under visible light, the highest efficiency was achieved (97.7%) when 45 mg TmVO4 nanocatalysts were present in 10 ppm Eriochorome Black T at pH = 10