Fibroma of the urinary bladder: a light and ultrastructural study of a case with review of the literature in Japan.

A hard fibroma of the urinary bladder was found in an autopsy case of a 69 year-old female. The tumor, 10x9x6 cm, occurred in the superior wall of the bladder. Ultrastructurally, the principal cells of the tumor were myofibroblasts. Fibroblasts and fibrocytes were also present. Including our case, the number of reported cases of pure fibroma of the urinary bladder in Japan is 12. These are reviewed briefly.</p

Ovarian strumal carcinoid: a case report

Background: Carcinoid tumors of the ovary are rare tumors, histopathologically classified as monodermal teratomas and somatic-type tumors arising from dermoid cysts. Their malignancy varies from borderline to malignant. Carcinoid tumors can occur in young and elderly women, and are sometimes seen in mature teratoma, struma ovarii, or mucinous cystadenoma as a nodule or tumor. Strumal carcinoid and mucinous carcinoid present as special types of carcinoid tumors of the ovary. Case report: This report describes a 56-year-old woman who presented with a large pelvic mass on abdominal ultrasonography during a medical examination. The diameter of the pelvic tumor was approximately 11 cm and was suspected to be ovarian cancer. The values of CA125 and CEA were above their reference intervals on preoperative examination. Abdominal total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. Intraoperative frozen-section histopathology suggested a diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma; therefore, partial omentectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were also performed. Permanent-section histopathology led to a final diagnosis of strumal carcinoid of the ovary, stage IA (FIGO 2014). Six years post-operation, the patient had no sign of recurrence

Change in Nutritional Status Modulates the Abundance of Critical Pre-initiation Intermediate Complexes During Translation Initiation \u3cem\u3ein Vivo\u3c/em\u3e

In eukaryotic translation initiation, eIF2∙GTP–Met-tRNAiMet ternary complex (TC) interacts with eIF3–eIF1–eIF5 complex to form the multifactor complex (MFC), while eIF2∙GDP associates with eIF2B for guanine nucleotide exchange. Gcn2p phosphorylates eIF2 to inhibit eIF2B. Here we evaluate the abundance of eIFs and their pre-initiation intermediate complexes in gcn2 deletion mutant grown under different conditions. We show that ribosomes are three times as abundant as eIF1, eIF2 and eIF5, while eIF3 is half as abundant as the latter three and hence, the limiting component in MFC formation. By quantitative immunoprecipitation, we estimate that ∼ 15% of the cellular eIF2 is found in TC during rapid growth in a complex rich medium. Most of the TC is found in MFC, and important, ∼ 40% of the total eIF2 is associated with eIF5 but lacks tRNAiMet. When the gcn2Δ mutant grows less rapidly in a defined complete medium, TC abundance increases threefold without altering the abundance of each individual factor. Interestingly, the TC increase is suppressed by eIF5 overexpression and Gcn2p expression. Thus, eIF2B-catalyzed TC formation appears to be fine-tuned by eIF2 phosphorylation and the novel eIF2/eIF5 complex lacking tRNAiMet

Hematogenous extraneural metastasis of the germinomatous component of a pineal mixed germ cell tumor

A 23-year-old man presented with a mass in the pineal region and obstructive hydrocephalus. A neuroendoscopic biopsy for the lesion, ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting, and focal irradiation were conducted as initial treatment. Histological diagnosis of the biopsy specimen was germinoma. He underwent further irradiation and two tumor resections. Histological diagnosis was mature teratoma without a germinomatous component. After serial treatments, the intracranial lesion was controlled. However, 14 months after presentation, extraneural lesions were confirmed in the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneal space. The biopsy specimen of the retroperitoneal space lesion was histologically diagnosed as germinoma. Although chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide was undertaken, extraneural lesions ware uncontrollable and he died. At autopsy, extraneural lesions were confirmed in the posterior mediastinum, retroperitoneal space, and right lung. Histological diagnosis of extraneural lesions was germinoma. This case was considered to be a pineal mixed germ cell tumor mainly consisting of germinoma and mature teratoma, which caused hematogenous metastasis of the germinoma component. Systemic chemotherapy and irradiation for primary lesions as an initial treatment is important to cure the primary lesion and prevent extraneural metastasis.ArticleBRAIN TUMOR PATHOLOGY. 29(4):245-250 (2012)journal articl

Silenced Expression of NFKBIA in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with a Never-smoking History

Nuclear factor of κ-light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor α (NFKBIA), which is a tumor suppressor gene, was found to be silenced in lung adenocarcinomas. We examined NFKBIA expression, mutations in the EGFR and K-ras genes, and EML4-ALK fusion in 101 resected lung adenocarcinoma samples from never-smokers. NFKBIA expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. NFKBIA expression was negative in 16 of the 101 samples (15.8%). EGFR and K-ras mutations and EML4-ALK fusion were detected in 61 (60.5%), 1 (1.0%), and 2 (2.0%) of the 101 samples, respectively, in a completely mutually exclusive manner. Negative NFKBIA expression was observed significantly more frequently among the tumors with none of the three genetic alterations compared to those with such alterations (p＝0.009). In addition, negative NFKBIA expression was significantly more frequent among the EGFR-wild type samples compared to the EGFR-mutant samples (p＝0.013). In conclusion, NFKBIA expression was silenced in adenocarcinomas without EGFR/K-ras mutations or EML4-ALK fusion, suggesting that the silencing of NFKBIA may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of adenocarcinomas independent of EGFR/K-ras mutations or EML4-ALK fusion

Compact Encoding of the Web Graph Exploiting Various Power Distributions

Compact encodings of the web graph are required in order to keep the graph on the main memory and to perform operations on the graph efficiently. In this paper, we propose a new compact encoding of the web graph. It is 10% more compact than Link2 used in the Connectivity Server of Altavista and 20% more compact than the encoding proposed by Guillaume et al. in 2002 and is comparable to it in terms of extraction time.Special Section LETTER (Special Section on Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications

Aberrant Methylation of p21 Gene in Lung Cancer and Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Suppression of p21 has been implicated in the genesis and progression of many human malignancies. DNA methylation is an important mechanism of gene silencing in human malignancies. In this study, we examined the expression status and aberrant methylaion of p21 in lung cancers and malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MPM). We used 12 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines, 13 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, 50 primary NSCLCs, 6 MPM cell lines and 10 primary MPMs. The expression and methylation of p21 was examined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), Western blotting and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) assay. Loss of p21 protein expression was observed in 7 SCLC cell lines (58.3%), 5 NSCLC cell lines (38.5%) and 3 MPM cell lines (50%) while mRNA expression was lost in 2 SCLC cell lines (16.7%), 2 NSCLC cell lines (15.4%) and none of the MPM cell lines. Aberrant methylation of p21 was found in 8.3% of SCLC cell lines, 30.2% of NSCLCs and 6.3% of MPMs. Among primary NSCLCs, methylation in adenocarcinomas was significantly more frequent than in squamous cell carcinomas. Loss of p21 expression was frequently observed in lung cancers and MPMs and aberrant methylation was one of the mechanisms of suppression of p21, especially in NSCLCs

The roles of stress-activated Sty1 and Gcn2 kinases and proto-oncoprotein homologue Int6/eIF3e in responses to endogenous oxidative stress during histidine starvation

In fission yeast, Sty1 and Gcn2 are important protein kinases regulating gene expression in response to amino acid starvation. The translation factor subunit eIF3e/Int6 promotes the Sty1-dependent response by increasing the abundance of Atf1, a transcription factor targeted by Sty1. While Gcn2 promotes expression of amino acid biosynthesis enzymes, the mechanism and function for Sty1 activation and Int6/eIF3e involvement during this nutrient stress is not understood. Here we show that mutants lacking sty1+ or gcn2+ display reduced viabilities during histidine depletion stress in a manner suppressible by the antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine, suggesting that these protein kinases function to alleviate endogenous oxidative damage generated during nutrient starvation. Int6/eIF3e also promotes cell viability by a mechanism involving stimulation of the Sty1 response to oxidative damage. In further support of these observations, microarray data suggests that, during histidine starvation, int6Δ increases the duration of Sty1-activated gene expression linked to oxidative stress due to the initial attenuation of Sty1-dependent transcription. Moreover, loss of gcn2 induces the expression of a new set of genes not activated in wild-type cells starved for histidine. These genes encode heatshock proteins, redox enzymes and proteins involved in mitochondrial maintenance, in agreement with the idea that oxidative stress is imposed onto gcn2Δ cells. Furthermore, the early Sty1 activation promotes a rapid Gcn2 activation on histidine starvation. These results suggest that Gcn2, Sty1, and Int6/eIF3e are functionally integrated and cooperate to respond to oxidative stress that is generated during histidine starvation