A Study on the Construction of Theories of Frameworks for Early Childhood Care and Education

今日の環境を通しての教育において、保育全体を構造化しようとする保育構造論は、保育全体の中で今の実践がどう位置づくのかを理解する上で活かされると考えられる。この観点に立って保育構造論を構築しようとするとき、例外があることや作り直すものであることを前提にし、保育者の受けとめ方も考慮する必要がある。これらの点を踏まえた上で、保育実践構造論と保育内容構造論とに場合分けして活かし方について考察した上で、それぞれの構築を進めていく必要があろう。特に、保育内容構造論については、カリキュラム等と共に、基本的な考え方として頭に入れておけば、保育者が豊かな指導をより確実に実現できるものを構築する必要がある。また、それを活用する保育者も、保育に関する知識と共に、人間として望ましい文化とか人の育ちの過程とかに関する知識を積み重ねていく必要があろう

Gene Knockout and Metabolome Analysis of Carnitine/Organic Cation Transporter OCTN1

金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系Purpose: Solute carrier OCTN1 (SLC22A4) is an orphan transporter, the physiologically important substrate of which is still unidentified. The aim of the present study was to examine physiological roles of OCTN1. Methods: We first constructed octn1 gene knockout (octn1-/-) mice. Metabolome analysis was then performed to identify substrates in vivo. The possible association of the substrate identified with diseased conditions was further examined. Results: The metabolome analysis of blood and several organs indicated complete deficiency of a naturally occurring potent antioxidant ergothioneine in octn1-/- mice among 112 metabolites examined. Pharmacokinetic analyses after oral administration revealed the highest distribution to small intestines and extensive renal reabsorption of [3H]ergothioneine, both of which were much reduced in octn1-/- mice. The octn1-/- mice exhibited greater susceptibility to intestinal inflammation under the ischemia and reperfusion model. The blood ergothioneine concentration was also much reduced in Japanese patients with Crohn\u27s disease, compared with healthy volunteers and patients with another inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis. Conclusions: These results indicate that OCTN1 plays a pivotal role for maintenance of systemic and intestinal exposure of ergothioneine, which could be important for protective effects against intestinal tissue injuries, providing a possible diagnostic tool to distinguish the inflammatory bowel diseases. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Direct fast heating efficiency of a counter-imploded core plasma employing a laser for fast ignition experiments (LFEX)

Fast heating efficiency when a pre-imploded core is directly heated with an ultraintense laser (heating laser) was investigated. \u27Direct heating\u27 means that a heating laser hits a pre-imploded core without applying either a laser guiding cone or an external field. The efficiency, η, is defined as the increase in the internal core energy divided by the energy of the heating laser. Six beams (output of 1.6 kJ) from the GEKKO XII (GXII) green laser system at the Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE), Osaka University were applied to implode a spherical deuterated polystyrene (CD) shell target to form a dense core. The DD-reacted protons and the core x-ray emissions showed a core density of 2.8 ± 0.7 g cm−3, or 2.6 times the solid density. Furthermore, DD-reacted thermal neutrons were utilized to estimate the core temperature between 600 and 750 eV. Thereafter, the core was directly heated by a laser for fast-ignition experiments (LFEX, an extremely energetic ultrashort pulse laser) at ILE with its axis lying along or perpendicular to the GXII bundle axis, respectively. The former and latter laser configurations were termed \u27axial\u27 and \u27transverse modes\u27, respectively. The η was estimated from three independent methods: (1) the core x-ray emission, (2) the thermal neutron yield, and (3) the runaway hot electron spectra. For the axial mode, 0.8%< η <2.1% at low power (low LFEX energy) and 0.4%< η <2.5% at high power (high LFEX energy). For the transverse mode, 2.6%< η <7% at low power and 1.5%< η <7.7% at high power. Their efficiencies were compared with that in the uniform implosion mode using 12 GXII beams, 6% < η <12%, which appeared near to the η for the transverse mode, except that the error bar is very large

Beneficial Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on the Follicular Survival in the Mouse Ovary after Transplantation

A large proportion of follicles are lost during the initial ischemia that occurs after transplantation of ovarian tissues. Thus, the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) on the follicular loss of ovarian tissues after transplantation was examined in mice. Ovarian slices from ICR mice were transplanted under the kidney capsule in ovariectomized ICR. Hyperbaric oxygen with 100% oxygen was initiated for 30 min at 2.5 atmospheres absolute immediately after transplantation, and this treatment was repeated at 48-h intervals for 2 weeks. The number of follicles was dramatically reduced at 2 weeks post transplantation. However, HBO was significantly effective in enhancing the survival of transplanted ovarian follicles. The survival rates of primordial and primary follicles in ovarian tissues of mice with HBO were significantly higher than those without HBO. These results indicate HBO can be effectively used for the enhancement of survival of transplanted ovarian tissues.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jrd/58/2/58_11-133H/_article/-char/ja

Laparoscopic Repeat Liver Resection—Selecting the Best Approach for Repeat Liver Resection

Recurrence of liver cancers after liver resection (LR), such as recurrences of hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal liver metastases, is often treated with repeat LR (RLR) as the only curative treatment. However, RLR is associated with an increased risk of complications. The indications for the currently emerging laparoscopic LR and its advantages and disadvantages for repeat treatment are still under discussion. Our multi-institutional propensity-score matched analyses of laparoscopic vs. open RLRs for hepatocellular carcinoma showed the feasibility of laparoscopic RLR with comparable short- and long-term outcomes. Small blood loss and low morbidity was observed in selected patients treated using laparoscopic RLR in which total adhesiolysis can be dodged, with speculations that laparoscopic minor repeated LR can minimize functional deterioration of the liver. However, there are several disadvantages, such as easily occurring disorientation and difficulty in repeated wide-range dissection of Glissonian pedicles. Recently emerging small anatomical resection, indocyanine green fluorescence-guided surgery, and robot-assisted surgery are promising tools for the further development of laparoscopic RLR. This review discusses how laparoscopic RLR, as a powerful unique local therapy causing less damage to the residual liver and surrounding structures, could contribute to the outcomes of repeated treatments for cancers and its future perspectives