Current State of the Chimpanzee Pet Trade in Sierra Leone

I investigated the current state of the chimpanzee pet trade in Sierra Leone by analyzing data collected on chimpanzees received at the Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary. The country was once a major exporter of live chimpanzees to the United States, Asia, and Europe. Even after international laws restricted the trade of chimpanzees, the practice continued within Sierra Leone, leading to the establishment of the Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary in 1995. The sanctuary currently houses 82 chimpanzees, 80% of which were ≦ 3 years old upon their arrival. Although about 45% of chimpanzee owners were expatriates, the price of pet chimpanzees and the intention of local owners to sell chimpanzees indicate the role played by expatriates in the pet trade as buyers. My analysis indicates that more than half of chimpanzee owners are prepared to give up their pet chimpanzees, suggesting that the number of buyers could be reduced through a well-designed sensitization program about wildlife laws and the problems related to keeping chimpanzees as pets

チンパンジー サンクチュアリ ノ レキシテキ ハイケイ ト ゲンザイテキ イギ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(地域研究)甲第14756号地博第76号新制||地||24(附属図書館)UT51-2009-D468京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科アフリカ地域研究専攻(主査)准教授 山越 言, 教授 市川 光雄, 准教授 重田 眞義, 教授 松沢 哲郎学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Area StudiesKyoto UniversityDA

The Association between Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimated Using Different Equations and Mortality in the Japanese Community-Based Population: The Yamagata (Takahata) Study

Background. To evaluate renal function, the indices of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) obtained using several equations, including the Japanese versions of the serum creatinine-based MDRD equation (eGFRcreat), Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (eGFR-EPI), and serum cystatin C-based equation (eGFRcys), are utilized. This study prospectively examined the association between these eGFR values and all-cause mortality during a 12-year observational period in a community-based population. Methods and Results. The subjects of this study were 1312 participants undergoing a health checkup, aged ≥40 years. In the total population, the mean eGFR values (mL·min−1·1.73 m−2) were 81.5 for eGFRcreat, 78.1 for eGFR-EPI, and 76.6 for eGFRcys. There were 141 deaths during the observation period, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting mortality was 0.59 for eGFRcreat, 0.67 for eGFR-EPI, and 0.70 for eGFRcys (all P<0.01). In the Cox proportional analysis adjusted for age and sex, eGFRcys, but not eGFRcreat and eGFR-EPI, showed a significant association with all-cause mortality (per 15 mL·min−1·1.73 m−2 decrease: hazard ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.18–1.67). Conclusions. This study revealed that eGFRcys showed lower values than eGFRcreat and eGFR-EPI and was significantly associated with all-cause mortality in the Japanese community-based population