Antibiotic Use Pattern of Surgical Site Infection Prophylaxis in Surgical Wards of a Teaching Hospital in Shiraz, Iran

Despite the need to use prophylactic antimicrobials to prevent infection at the surgical site, in many cases the use of prophylactic antibiotics is inappropriate. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern use of surgical site infection antibiotics prophylaxis based on standard guidelines in a teaching hospital in Shiraz. In this observational study, information of 338 patients from May to October 2020 received prophylactic antibiotics before surgery at Shahid Faghihi Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences was reviewed. Type of antibiotics, combination of antibiotics, dose and duration of treatment for each patient were defined based on both the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) and the National Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Of the total 338 patients included in this study, only 27.5% received antibiotic prophylaxis according to standard guidelines. The most commonly used antibiotic class for surgical site infection prophylaxis was the first generation cephalosporins. The highest rate of antibiotic prophylaxis appropriateness was identified in the urology ward (11.53%). Few cases of antibiotic prophylaxis have shown complete compliance with the standard guidelines in this preliminary report

Taurine improves the wound healing process in cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice model, based on stereological parameters

Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a self-limiting disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, which affects the skin with full-thickness wounds, which are prone to scar formation even after treatment. Taurine (Tu) is one of the most abundant amino acids that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which play an important role in the process of wound healing. Herein, we have investigated the effects of Tu on cutaneous Leishmaniasis wounds and L. major promastigotes. Materials and Methods: Eighteen mice were induced with Leishmaniasis wounds (with L. Major) on the base of their tails and divided into three groups, T1: Treated with Tu injection, T2: Treated with Tu gel, and C: No treatment. Treatments were carried out every 24 hours for 21 days. The volume densities of the collagen bundles and vessels, vessel′s length density and diameter, and fibroblast populations were estimated by stereological methods. Flow cytometry was used in order to investigate the direct Tu effect on parasites. The Mann-Whitney U test was used and P ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The numerical density of the fibroblasts, volume density of the collagen bundles, and length densities of the vessels in groups T1 and T2 were significantly higher than in group C (P < 0.05). The fibroblast numerical density of group T1 was higher than that of group T2 (P = 0.02). Incidentally, Tu had no direct effect on L. major parasites according to the flow cytometry analysis. Conclusion: Tu showed the ability to improve the wound healing process and tissue regeneration although it had no direct anti-leishmaniasis effect