Effects of organic fertilisers and compost extracts on organic tomato production

The effects of various fertilizers and different compost extracts on crop health and tomato yield were studied in the field in 2004–2005 in two locations in Iran. Treatments included different fertilizers (cattle, sheep and chicken manures, green waste and household composts and chemical fertilizers) and five aqueous extracts (from cattle manure, chicken manure, green-waste and house-hold composts and water as control). The effect of fertilizer type on tomato yield was significant in both locations (P < 0.05). Organic fertilizer use did not obtain higher yields compared to using chemical fertiliser. Generally, chicken manure and green-waste compost led to the highest and lowest tomato yield among different organic fertilizers, respectively. The effect of aqueous extracts was not significant on either crop health or tomato yield with these results were being very limited and inconsistent. Improved efficacy of acceptable alternatives to agrochemicals, especially in organic farming, is required

Drug-induced skin reactions: A 2-year study

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with adverse cutaneous drug reactions, which occur when a medicinal product results in cutaneous morbidity. Methods: The study included 308 patients who were diagnosed as having an adverse cutaneous drug reaction during the study period (2007�2009). In 84 cases, histopathologic examination of skin biopsies were also performed. Results: Patients with drug reactions were found to be more commonly female (63) than male (37). Beta-lactam antibiotics were found to be the most frequent cause of adverse cutaneous drug reactions (42.7), followed by non-steroidal anti-infammatory drugs (16.5). Acute urticaria was the most common clinical presentation (59.2) followed by fxed drug eruptions (18.5), and maculopapular eruptions (14.9). Conclusion: Adverse cutaneous drug reactions in our study population were mainly induced by beta-lactam antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The most common forms of cutaneous adverse drug reactions were found to be acute urticaria, fxed drug eruptions, and maculopapular rashes. © 2015 Farshchian et al

Density and dry weight of pigweed by various weed control methods and various resources of nitrogen fertilizer in corn forage farm

This study evaluates effects of various weeds control methods and nitrogen fertilizer resources on density and dry weight of pigweed and the performance of corn forage as factorial in full random block design with 3 repetitions in research farm of Ferdowsi Mashhad University in 2014. The test treatments include weed control methods such as chemical control, compound (mechanical+ chemical) control, and no control and types of nitrogen fertilizer including (urea, sulfate ammonium, nitrate calcium, nitrate ammonium, and nonusing fertilizer). Density and dry weight of pigweed was measured four times in growing season to determine changes procedure. In the Corn primary stage, the performance of wet forage was also measured. The obtained results from test showed that forage performance at the end of growing season, and density and dry weight of pigweed after 60 days of planting were significantly influenced by control methods, type of nitrogen fertilizer, and interaction of control methods and type of nitrogen fertilizer. (P&gt;0.01) the highest forage performance was obtained in compound control method and nitrate calcium fertilizer treatment with approximate weight of 12072kg/hec.In no control and studied fertilizers treatment in test, the pigweed density has stayed constant with soft descending slope 20 days after planting so on, and its weight increased until 60 days of planting and then decreased until the growing season.Keywords: Compound Control, Nitrogen Fertilizer Resource, Pigweed, Corn Forag

Thermodynamics of string black hole with hyperscaling violation

In this paper, we start with black brane and construct specific space-time which violates hyperscaling. In order to obtain the string solution we apply Null-Melvin-Twist and $KK$-reduction. By using the difference action method we study thermodynamics of system to obtain Hawking-Page phase transition. In order to have hyperscaling violation we need to consider $\theta=\frac{d}{2}.$ In that case the free energy $F$ is always negative and our solution is thermal radiation without a black hole. Therefore we find that there is not any Hawking-Page transition. Also, we discuss the stability of system and all thermodynamical quantities.Comment: 12 pages. Accepted for publication in EPJ

Neonate, Infant, and Child Mortality in North Africa and Middle East by Cause: An Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: During the past three decades, neonate, infant, and child mortality declined in North Africa and Middle East. However, there is substantial heterogeneity in mortality rates across countries. Methods: This study is part of the Global Burden of Diseases study (GBD) 2019. We report the number as well as mortality rates for neonates, infants, and children by cause across 21 countries in the region since 1990. Results: Between 1990 and 2019, the neonate mortality rate in the region declined from 31.9 (29.8, 34.0) to 12.2 (11.1, 13.3) per 1000 live births. Respective figures for under 5 mortality rates (U5MRs) were 79.1 (75.7, 82.7) in 1990 and 24.4 (22.3, 26.7) per 1000 live births in 2019. The majority of deaths among children under 5 years were due to under 1 year deaths: 75.9% in 1990 and 81.8% in 2019. Mortality rates in males were higher than females. The mortality rate among neonates ranged from 2.4 (2.1, 2.6) per 1000 live births in Bahrain to 25.0 (21.6, 28.4) in Afghanistan in 2019. Similarly, in 2019, the U5MR ranged from 5.0 (4.2–6.0) per 1000 live births in United Arab Emirates to 55.3 (47.9–63.5) in Afghanistan. Neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and lower respiratory infections were the three main causes of neonate, infant, and child mortality in almost all countries in the region. Conclusion: In 2019, most countries in this region have achieved the SDG targets for neonate and child mortality. However, there is still substantial heterogeneity across countries

Determination of biotechniqe and bionormative of breeding and culturing of Penaeus merguiensis de Man in Bushehr Area

To introduce the native commercial shrimp species to aquaculture industry, the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization conducted a project to investigate the possibility of reproduction and cultivation of the banana shrimp (Penaeus merguensis). The present work has been carried out from 21st March 2001 in two phase, reproduction and cultivation, in Iran Shrimp Research Center. The main objectives of this study was to find the possibility of reproduction and cultivation of banana shrimp with emphasis on its cost and benefit and to find if this species could be introduced to aquaculture industry in Iran. In this work, 42 brood stocks of banana shrimp caught in Jask waters and were transported to Bushehr. The shrimps were reproduced in aquaculture research station, and then cultivated in 0.4 ha ponds in Heleh region. Most of the broodstocks perished, due to long distance of Jask from Bushehr province, or had problem in hatching. Finally 8 of broodstock shrimps spawned. In 3 cases, the reared naplii larva suffered high mortality, but the other 5 spawner’s bread successfully. The post larvae were introduced to the shrimp ponds. The primary stocking was 360,000 larvae, introduced to each of two 4 m 3 tanks. The survival in both tanks for mysis stage was 83% but for PL stages, the survival was 5% for Tank 1 due to disease outbreak (until PL 24), and 62% for Tank 2. On 10 th June 2001 the PL 24 were stocked into the ponds but unfortunately due to adaptation problem, all of the shrimps perished. It seems that banana shrimp couldn’t to be adapted to the pond condition in Heleh region. On the basis of the results, the reproduction of the banana shrimps is achievable, but broodstocks needs to be transferred to reproduction areas as soon as possible to reduce stress on the shrimps. Our finding shows that the optimum conditions of salinity and temperature for growth of the reared banana shrimp in Heleh region is 33ppt and 30 °C, respectively

Microstructural and hardness modeling: Effect of multiple bead deposition in temper bead welding technique

Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) process is often employed in industry where multiple welding sequences are used to produce stronger fastening between mating parts. Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) is almost always recommended for relieving residual stresses and tempering the microstructural properties in order to prolong the fatigue and fracture life; however, it is often done away with due to the high costs involved, time constraints, infeasibility or sometime deleterious effects of the tempering process. This paper investigates whether the sequence of the initial deposition of the weld material itself can temper the microstructural properties and reduce the size of the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) in the weld and parent metal. Four weld beads are deposited on a mild steel plate, with each being tempered by an overlapping bead using the Temper Bead Welding (TBW) technique. Numerical simulation is performed using FEA software VrWeld to evaluate the microstructure, hardness and size of the HAZ. It is concluded that there are significant improvements in the microstructure, hardness and size of the HAZ as a result of the deposition of the overlapping, tempering beads

Effect of Nanosilver Particles on the Optical and Structural Properties of (PVA-PVP) Films

In this work,we study the effect of nanosilver particles on optical and structural properties of polymer matrix consisting of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolid-one. The samples of (PVA-PVP-Ag) nanocomposites were prepared by using casting method. The weight percentages of nanosilver are (0, 4, 8 , 12 and 16) wt.%. The experimental results show that the  absorbance , the absorption coefficient , extinction coefficient , refractive index and dielectric constant (real, imaginary) are increasing with the increasing of concentrations of the (Ag) nanoparticles, and  the energy gap decrease with the increasing of the concentrations of  the (Ag)nanop-articles. We notice through (FTIR) that the (Ag) nanoparticles at films (PVA-PVP-Ag)  nanocomposites ,lead to restricted of molecular vibrational motion ,also after addition (Ag) nanoparticles ,some polymer chains have been broken and some other chains have been formed instead. The SEM shows that (Ag) nanoparticles are randomly distributed in the (PVA-PVP) composites films and it is concluded that small agglomerations is formed in these films Keywords : Optical Properties , FTIR, Polyvinyl alcohol , Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone , (Ag) nanoparticles

Outcome measurement in functional neurological disorder: a systematic review and recommendations.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify existing outcome measures for functional neurological disorder (FND), to inform the development of recommendations and to guide future research on FND outcomes. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to identify existing FND-specific outcome measures and the most common measurement domains and measures in previous treatment studies. Searches of Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were conducted between January 1965 and June 2019. The findings were discussed during two international meetings of the FND-Core Outcome Measures group. RESULTS: Five FND-specific measures were identified-three clinician-rated and two patient-rated-but their measurement properties have not been rigorously evaluated. No single measure was identified for use across the range of FND symptoms in adults. Across randomised controlled trials (k=40) and observational treatment studies (k=40), outcome measures most often assessed core FND symptom change. Other domains measured commonly were additional physical and psychological symptoms, life impact (ie, quality of life, disability and general functioning) and health economics/cost-utility (eg, healthcare resource use and quality-adjusted life years). CONCLUSIONS: There are few well-validated FND-specific outcome measures. Thus, at present, we recommend that existing outcome measures, known to be reliable, valid and responsive in FND or closely related populations, are used to capture key outcome domains. Increased consistency in outcome measurement will facilitate comparison of treatment effects across FND symptom types and treatment modalities. Future work needs to more rigorously validate outcome measures used in this population