Suitable Seed Harvesting Time for Six Grass Species

Determination of the best period of seed harvesting was considered. Six grass species were selected. The research was conducted in three stations of Alborz, Sirachal and Homand Absard. According to maturing stages, seed collection for measuring seed water content (moisture content), weight of 1000 seeds and germination percentage has been done. The result showed that there were significant differences between harvesting time on seed germination for all species in all regions. Moisture content, germination rate, weight of 1000 seeds and seed shedding were important characteristics for determination of suitable seed harvesting time

Breastfeeding Friendly Airport to Support Healthy Tourism

Motivation for breastfeeding and social support is very important for the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding support and motivation is obtained from family, leaders and the government. The implication of the government support given is the existence of regulations for organizer of public facilities that stating that the owner of public facilities must support the exclusive breastfeeding program at the airport. The airport is an important means for the mobility of both domestic and foreign tourist. The role of airport is very important to realizing healthy tourism. This study used a case study design. The subjects of this study were the leaders, staff and visitors of Adisutjipto International Airport. The number of informants is five people. The research instruments were interview guides and observation forms. Knowledge, attitudes and informant support for the exclusive breastfeeding program are good. There needs to be a stronger promotion effort for all levels of society so that exclusive breastfeeding programs can be achieved. Provision of nursery rooms at Adisutjipto International Airport is in accordance with government standards with facilities such as tables, chairs, baby boxes, washing stand, dispensers and trash can. Adisutjipto International Airport is confirmed as a breastfeeding friendly airport

Determination and Comparison of Forage Quality of Five Species in Different Phenological Stages in Alborz Rangelands (Iran)

In order to evaluate grazing capacity and integrated management of rangelands and grasslands , it is necessary to be aware of the quality of range plants. Phenological (growth) stage has the greatest effect on forage quality with most of the qualitative indices decreasing with the progress of the phenological stage (Holecheck et al., 2001). This research studied the changes in forage quality for species in the Alborz rangelands

Seed viability, germination and seedling growth of canola (Brassica napus L.) as influenced by chemical mutagens

Mutation induction is considered as an effective way to enrich plant genetic variation, particularly for traits with a very low level of genetic variation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of different dosages of chemical mutagens on seed germination, seed viability and seedling growth characteristics and to identify optimum treatment conditions for chemical mutagens based on the LD50 criterion in canola (Brassica napus L.). Two pretreatment conditions of soaking in distilled water and non-soaking, different concentrations of chemical mutagens, and four treatment periods were investigated. The effect of mutagen dosage on seed viability was also assessed using the tetrazolium staining test. Results revealed the significant effects of mutagen dosages and treatment periods on seed viability and seed germination as well as on seedling characteristics for all the mutagens tested. Additionally, it was found that increased dosage and period in each treatment led to significant reductions in seed viability for the tested mutagens. Pretreatment did not significantly influence most of the studied characteristics. The 0.8% ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) for 6 h, 12 mM N-nitroso-Nethylurea (ENU) and 6 mM sodium azide for 8 h and 9 mM N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) for 4 h were considered as optimum treatment conditions.Key words: Brassica napus, canola, chemical mutagen, germination, seed viability, seedling growth

Assessment of genetic diversity in Triticum spp. and Aegilops spp. using AFLP markers

Genetic diversity among some wild relatives of wheat was estimated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and morphological markers. Thirty one Triticum and Aegilops genotypesincluding twenty-four Triticum and Aegilops accessions belonging to five diploid (Triticum baeoticum, Triticum monococcum, Aegilops umbellulata, Aegilops caudata and Aegilops tauschii), five tetraploid(Triticum dicoccoides, Triticum dicoccum, Aegilops crassa (4x), Aegilops cylindrica, Aegilops triuncialis) and two hexaploid (Triticum compactum, A. crassa (6x)) species sampled from different ecogeographical regions of Iran; a durum wheat cultivar 'Langdon', a local wheat cultivar 'Roshan', a wheat cultivar 'Chinese spring' and four synthetic hexaploid wheats were evaluated. Genetic diversity amongwheat accessions was estimated using 14 PstI:MseI primer pair combinations. Of the approximately 414 detected AFLP markers, 387 (93.5%) were polymorphic with 28 bands per used primer pair. Clusteranalysis of 31 accessions belonging to the 15 species by UPGMA cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s similarity estimates for AFLP data divided all accessions into two major clusters reflecting almost theirgenome composition. The first one included wheat species having A and AB genomes, while second cluster included wheat species having C, D, AB, CD, UC, DM, DDM and ABD genomes. The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.12 between Ae. glabra and accession number 3 of T. monococcum and 0.57 between A. crassa (6x) and Ae. crassa (4x-6x). Two Aegilops species of A. umbellulata and A. caudata were ranked as the second most related species

A Distributed Routing Protocol for Predictable Rates in Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless mesh networks hold the promise of rapid and flexible deployments of communication facilities. This potential notwithstanding, the often erratic behavior of multihop wireless transmissions is limiting the range of applications that such networks can target. In this paper we investigate the feasibility and benefits of a routing protocol explicitly aimed at making wireless mesh networks more predictable while preserving their efficiency and flexibility. The protocol\u27s basic premise is the classical idea that a multipath solution can offer resiliency to unexpected link variations. The paper\u27s contributions are in demonstrating how this can be effectively realized in a wireless context, and in offering initial evidences of its efficacy. In particular, the paper illustrates how routing decisions that account for link variability can be computed in a distributed fashion, and the benefits they afford in improving the stability of end-to-end transmission rates even in the presence of random network fluctuations