Patterns of international capital flows and their implications for economic development

Capital ; Economic development

Foreign Capital and Economic Growth

Nonindustrial countries that have relied more on foreign finance have not grown faster in the long run as standard theoretical models predict. The reason may lie in these countries’ limited ability to absorb foreign capital, especially because their financial systems have difficulty allocating it to productive uses, and because their currencies are prone to appreciation (and often overvaluation) when such inflows occur. The current anomaly of poor countries financing rich countries may not really hurt the former’s growth, at least conditional on their existing institutional and financial structures. Our results do not imply that foreign finance has no role in development or that all types of capital naturally flow “uphill.” Indeed, the patterns associated with foreign direct investment flows have generally been more consistent with theoretical predictions. However, we find no evidence that providing financing in excess of domestic saving is the channel through which financial integration delivers its benefits.Foreign capital, economic growth, macroeconomics, foreign finance

Influence of Al and Y on the ignition and flammability of Mg alloys

The influence of alloying on the ignition and flammability was studied. One end of a cylindrical specimen was exposed to a free diffusion flame. Ignition required at least partial melting. Burning extinguished once the flame was withdrawn. Specimen tips of pure Mg, AZ61, and AZ91 ignited upon prolonged flame exposure. There was smouldering and delayed ignition for Mg-1Y. There was no ignition for Mg-5Y specimen tips, attributed to a protective surface oxide containing Y. The results indicate that (i) vigorous burning requires a continued supply of Mg vapour, and (ii) a critical alloy concentration is required to change ignition behaviour. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Use of Nickel Chloride in Dot-ELISA for Detection of Haemonchus sp. Infection in Sheep

Haemonchosis is a major cause of production losses in livestock, particularly sheep and goat. In this study, Nickel chloride is used in dot-ELISA for the detection of infection in sheep, experimentally-infected with 10,000 L 3 Haemonchus contortus. Serum samples from infected sheep were collected at weekly intervals. Adult somatic antigen was prepared from the worms collected from the local abattoir at Meerut (U.P.). Nitrocellulose membranes (0.2 ?m) were dotted with 10 ?l antigen that contained 8-10 ?g protein, and were incubated at 37°C for 2 h. Non-specific binding sites were blocked with blocking agent casein in PBS( phosphate-buffered saline). Positive, negative and uninfected control sera from sheep, both experimentally- and naturally-infected, were used. Positive reaction with blue-black solid dot formation was obtained with the sera, as early as first week post-infection, with immunoaffinity- purified adult somatic antigen. Keywords: dot-ELISA, Haemonchus contortus, immunoaffinity chromatography, Nickel chloride.