Coherent States For SU(3)

We define coherent states for SU(3) using six bosonic creation and annihilation operators. These coherent states are explicitly characterized by six complex numbers with constraints. For the completely symmetric representations (n,0) and (0,m), only three of the bosonic operators are required. For mixed representations (n,m), all six operators are required. The coherent states provide a resolution of identity, satisfy the continuity property, and possess a variety of group theoretic properties. We introduce an explicit parameterization of the group SU(3) and the corresponding integration measure. Finally, we discuss the path integral formalism for a problem in which the Hamiltonian is a function of SU(3) operators at each site.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX, no figure

Recent trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urinary pathogens in type II diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in clinical practice and since the diabetic patients are at an increased risk of infections specially those of the urinary tract it is imperative for a physician to be aware of the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of urinary pathogens. Thus, in this study we assess the recent trends in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urinary pathogens in type II diabetes mellitus.Methods: Ninety-three eligible type II diabetes mellitus cases without genitourinary symptoms or abnormalities along with 93 non-diabetic healthy controls were recruited. Mid-stream urine was collected after taking informed consent and each sample tested using the dipstick, microscopy and culture techniques. Isolates were identified using standard biochemical tests.Results: Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in our study was found to be 34.4% among cases of type II diabetes mellitus while it was 6.45% among non-diabetic healthy controls. E. coli was the most common urinary pathogen isolated. E. coli susceptibility towards amikacin was 85.71%, towards ceftriaxone and nitrofurantoin was 71.73% and for meropenem and doxycycline 66.67% susceptibility was observed. In the one case where pseudomonas was cultured, it was susceptible to meropenem, gentamycin, cefoperazone-sulbactum and cefuroxime. In an isolated case where Proteus species was grown, it showed susceptibility to meropenem, norfloxacin, levofloxacin and co-trimoxazole. Enterobacter species which was grown, showed susceptibility to meropenem, vancomycin, amikacin, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin and co-trimoxazole. Gram positive bacteria mainly showed susceptibility to ceftriaxone, teicoplanin, vancomycin and doxycycline.Conclusions: The prevalence of bacteriuria is significantly higher in diabetics as compared to non-diabetics and with the recent trends suggestive of emerging resistance among urinary pathogens to some of the commonly used anti-microbials it is of utmost importance to carry out regular surveillance of bacterial profile and their anti-microbial susceptibilities to formulate updated guidelines for effectively treating urinary infections in diabetic patients

A randomised clinical study to compare the haemodynamic effects of etomidate with propofol during induction of general anaesthesia

Background: Induction agents are frequently associated with changes in heart rate and blood pressure and various adverse effects. Since the introduction of general anaesthesia, no ideal induction agent has yet been discovered in term of providing a stable hemodynamic with fewer adverse effects. This prospective randomized clinical study was conducted to compare propofol and etomidate for their effect on hemodynamic and various adverse effects on patients scheduled for elective surgeries during the induction of general anesthesia.Methods: 50 patients of ASA I and II of age group 18-60 years scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned in two groups (n=25) receiving etomidate (0.3 mg/kg) in group E and propofol (2.5 mg/kg) in group P as an induction agent. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at various time intervals. Any adverse effect pain on injection and myoclonus was carefully watched. VAS score was recorded for pain on injection. Statistical analysis was done using software (SPSS IBM version 20). P value was considered significant if (p0.05). Patients in propofol group showed significant fall of  systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and compared to etomidate (P<0.05).) Pain on injection was more in propofol group (P=0.021), While incidence of myoclonus activity was higher in etomidate group (P=0.0027).Conclusions: Etomidate is a better induction agent over propofol as it provides more hemodynamic stability and less pain on injection as compared to propofol

Knowledge, attitude, and practices in response to COVID-19 pandemic in Indian population

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) had reported COVID-19 disease as a pandemic in March 2020, following which India witnessed more than 29,451 cases on 29th April. Correct knowledge about the disease, the right attitude, and response to infection control recommendations among people is of utmost importance to limit the contagion.Methods: A Cross-Sectional, web-based online study was conducted for five days. The responses (N= 1231) were collected across social networks using snowball sampling. The survey questionnaire assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practical aspects of participants for COVID-19. Knowledge items assessed the causative agent of COVID-19, it’s clinical symptoms, routes of transmission, preventive measures etc. Positive or negative attitudes towards mask usage and restriction compliance were assessed. Socio-demographic data and scores were de-identified and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.Results: The mean age of participants (N=1231) was 32.3±13.7 years and 60.9% were males. High knowledge years and 60.9% participants were males. High knowledge accuracy rate of 84.5% and a mean score of 10.19±1.6 out of 12 was observed. Mean attitude and practice scores were 2.33±0.66 (3) and 1.97±0.16 (2) respectively. A significantly higher knowledge status was observed among females, medical workers, students, and homemakers. Similarly, better attitudes were noticed in males, adults (30-60 years), graduates, and those in job/service. As for practices, no such difference was noticed as more than 98% of participants were compliant to lockdown restrictions and practiced proper distancing and personal hygiene measures.Conclusions: Satisfactory awareness and response were observed owing to the public awareness campaign. Knowledge gaps, poor attitudes, and prevailing myths need to be addressed through targeted communication strategy.

Atrial myxoma causing cerebral embolic ischemic stroke as the first presentation in an apparently asymptomatic young male with birth asphyxial injury: a case report

A myxoma is the most common primary tumor of the heart. It has been reported as the source of a cardiogenic embolism. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to detect the myxoma early to prevent complications like cerebral embolic stroke. This report presents the case of a 40-year-old male with birth asphyxial injury whose first clinical manifestation of atrial myxoma was an ischemic stroke. Atrial myxoma was later confirmed as the cause of his symptoms by echocardiography and cardiac CT scan along with Doppler studies

A pilot study to detect balance impairment in older adults using an instrumented one-leg stance test

The aim of this study was to investigate whether parameters from an instrumented one-leg stance on a force plate test could provide relevant information related to fall risk in older people. Twenty-five community dwelling older people and 25 young subjects performed a one-leg stance while standing on a force plate, with parameters related to transferring weight onto one leg and postural sway in singe-leg stance evaluated. Older participants were classified as being at risk of falling if their performance did not meet one of the previously-established cut-offs for the Five Times Sit-To-Stand and Timed-Up-and-Go tests. Eleven older participants were classified as having a risk of falls. The only significant difference between groups during the weight transfer phase was in the mediolateral displacement, with the fall risk group having less sway than the other groups, signifying a more precautionary approach. With respect to postural sway, both the younger subjects and the no fall risk group stabilised sufficiently to decrease their sway compared to initial values after four and six seconds, respectively. In contrast, the fall risk group was unable to stabilise during the one-leg stance, and continued to sway throughout the 10-sec recording period. These findings suggest that the normal one-leg stance test might not be suitable to detect fall risk. In contrast, an instrumented version of the test could provide valuable additional information that could identify risk of falling in older people

Digital gangrene a rare early manifestation of Wegener’s granulomatosis: a case report

Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) or Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) rarely presents with digital gangrene being an early manifestation. We report a case of 60-year-old woman who presented with fever and cough with occasional hemoptysis along with painful bilateral feet digital gangrene. X ray chest and HRCT thorax of the patient was suggestive of multiple nodulo-cavitatory lesions. HPE of the lung lesion showed granulomatous pathology. CT Angiography was suggestive of multiple calcified and non-calcified lesions in infra renal aorta with stenosis of right dorsalis pedis artery. Biopsy of the skin lesion revealed a leucocytoclastic vasculitis. We eventually diagnosed GPA in light of clinical symptomatology with HPE of lung mass showing granulomatous lesion along with a positive cANCA. A few months after starting combined cyclophosphamide and steroids patient had significant symptomatic improvement. Hence Wegener’s granulomatosis should always be considered as a possibility while evaluating a patient of digital gangrene specially with pulmonary and renal involvement

A prospective randomized study for comparison of haemodynamic changes and recovery characteristics with propofol and sevoflurane anaesthesia during laparoscopic cholecystectomies

Background: Day care laparoscopic surgical procedures are rapidly increasing nowadays. Rapid emergence and early recovery from anaesthesia with minimal complications are desired. Both propofol and sevoflurane meet above criteria and established as agents of choice in laparoscopic surgeries for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. So this study aimed to compare sevoflurane with propofol for intraoperative haemodynamic changes with postoperative recovery profile in patient’s undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomies under general anaesthesia.Methods: In this prospective randomized study, sixty patients of either sex, 18-60 years with ASA grade 1 and 2 scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomies under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups. In Group S, patients were maintained on sevoflurane anaesthesia (0.5-2.5%) while in Group P, patients were maintained with propofol infusion (75-125 µg/kg/min) along with O2 (50%) and N2O (50%).The intraoperative haemodynamic parameters, recovery characteristics and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were observed in both groups.Results: The mean baseline haemodynamic parameters (HR, SBP, DBP, MBP, SpO2 and EtCO2) were comparable in both groups, (P>0.05). No significant difference in HR was at observed any time interval, P>0.05, however, SBP, DBP and MBP were significantly lower in propofol group at different time intervals, P<0.05, but clinically not significant and patients remained haemodynamically stable in both groups. The mean time for all recovery characteristics were significantly shorter in sevoflurane group as compared to propofol group, (P<0.01). However the incidence of PONV was significantly more in sevoflurane group.Conclusions: Sevoflurane can be used as an effective alternative to propofol for maintenance of anaesthesia in day care laparoscopic procedures as it has better recovery profile with stable haemodynamic parameters