Analysis of Creep in Paperboard Packages With Plastic Tops

Beverage packages made of paper and plastic materials that are stored for a long time, deform due to creep deformations. The phenomena is termed bulging and means that the package changes its shape. Bulging is a major issue for the producers of beverage packages. The purpose of this master’s dissertation, is to develop a Finite Element-model for simulation of bulging of beverage packages at varying loadings and time scales that is verified to experimentally determined data of creep. In order to formulate a suitable FE-model for simulation of creep, a profound knowledge of the material behavior of the various materials in a beverage package is required. Therefore, creep tests of paper, polymer, and aluminum foil were performed. The creep deformation of paper was found to be approximately four to six times larger in CD than in MD. The elastic + creep deformation of the laminate is approximately three times larger in CD in comparison to MD. A creep material model for each of the materials in the laminate was calibrated to experimental data. The creep behavior of the FE-model was compared to bulge tests, which described the deflection of the package. The FE-model was proven to produce accurate results for shorter time periods and acceptable results for longer time frames. As experimental creep tests require long time frames, it is important to anticipate the creep behavior with a mathematical model. The FE-method was shown to be an excellent tool in order to describe, understand, and predict the phenomena of creep

Contrast-agent-based perfusion MRI code repository and testing framework: ISMRM Open Science Initiative for Perfusion Imaging (OSIPI)

Purpose Software has a substantial impact on quantitative perfusion MRI values. The lack of generally accepted implementations, code sharing and transparent testing reduces reproducibility, hindering the use of perfusion MRI in clinical trials. To address these issues, the ISMRM Open Science Initiative for Perfusion Imaging (OSIPI) aimed to establish a community-led, centralized repository for sharing open-source code for processing contrast-based perfusion imaging, incorporating an open-source testing framework. Methods A repository was established on the OSIPI GitHub website. Python was chosen as the target software language. Calls for code contributions were made to OSIPI members, the ISMRM Perfusion Study Group, and publicly via OSIPI websites. An automated unit-testing framework was implemented to evaluate the output of code contributions, including visual representation of the results. Results The repository hosts 86 implementations of perfusion processing steps contributed by 12 individuals or teams. These cover all core aspects of DCE- and DSC-MRI processing, including multiple implementations of the same functionality. Tests were developed for 52 implementations, covering five analysis steps. For T1 mapping, signal-to-concentration conversion and population AIF functions, different implementations resulted in near-identical output values. For the five pharmacokinetic models tested (Tofts, extended Tofts-Kety, Patlak, two-compartment exchange, and two-compartment uptake), differences in output parameters were observed between contributions. Conclusions The OSIPI DCE-DSC code repository represents a novel community-led model for code sharing and testing. The repository facilitates the re-use of existing code and the benchmarking of new code, promoting enhanced reproducibility in quantitative perfusion imaging

Feasibility to use whole-genome sequencing as a sole diagnostic method to detect genomic aberrations in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

IntroductionThe suitability of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) as the sole method to detect clinically relevant genomic aberrations in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was investigated with the aim of replacing current diagnostic methods.MethodsFor this purpose, we assessed the analytical performance of 150 bp paired-end WGS (90x leukemia/30x germline). A set of 88 retrospective B-cell ALL samples were selected to represent established ALL subgroups as well as ALL lacking stratifying markers by standard-of-care (SoC), so-called B-other ALL.ResultsBoth the analysis of paired leukemia/germline (L/N)(n=64) as well as leukemia-only (L-only)(n=88) detected all types of aberrations mandatory in the current ALLTogether trial protocol, i.e., aneuploidies, structural variants, and focal copy-number aberrations. Moreover, comparison to SoC revealed 100% concordance and that all patients had been assigned to the correct genetic subgroup using both approaches. Notably, WGS could allocate 35 out of 39 B-other ALL samples to one of the emerging genetic subgroups considered in the most recent classifications of ALL. We further investigated the impact of high (90x; n=58) vs low (30x; n=30) coverage on the diagnostic yield and observed an equally perfect concordance with SoC; low coverage detected all relevant lesions.DiscussionThe filtration of the WGS findings with a short list of genes recurrently rearranged in ALL was instrumental to extract the clinically relevant information efficiently. Nonetheless, the detection of DUX4 rearrangements required an additional customized analysis, due to multiple copies of this gene embedded in the highly repetitive D4Z4 region. We conclude that the diagnostic performance of WGS as the standalone method was remarkable and allowed detection of all clinically relevant genomic events in the diagnostic setting of B-cell ALL

The Farm : A new urban condition

The Farm is a speculative proposal for a self sustainable city block where as much food is produces as is consumed by it’s inhabitants. It is utilising the potential that arise when the greenery of farming is brought in to the cities in creating a new hybrid that blends with the city fabric with the aim of contributing to the areas multiplicity and vibrant life. The aim of the project has been that through architecture design; study the possibility to go from a throughput society, where everything we consume is produced outside of the community, to a society that produces what it consumes within the community in a cyclical integrated sustainable way. Can we produce what we consume with in a city and what happens when the production, which in this case is the cultivation of crops and plants, merge with the existing city fabric? What happens if the cultivation is combined with a traditional apartment program and what does it  become? Can the programs thrive together in symbiosis or will one of the programs become a parasite of the other? How does the vast open spaces required for farming relate to the small intimate spaces suitable for living spaces? What is their interrelationship, how do they effect each other

The Farm : A new urban condition

The Farm is a speculative proposal for a self sustainable city block where as much food is produces as is consumed by it’s inhabitants. It is utilising the potential that arise when the greenery of farming is brought in to the cities in creating a new hybrid that blends with the city fabric with the aim of contributing to the areas multiplicity and vibrant life. The aim of the project has been that through architecture design; study the possibility to go from a throughput society, where everything we consume is produced outside of the community, to a society that produces what it consumes within the community in a cyclical integrated sustainable way. Can we produce what we consume with in a city and what happens when the production, which in this case is the cultivation of crops and plants, merge with the existing city fabric? What happens if the cultivation is combined with a traditional apartment program and what does it  become? Can the programs thrive together in symbiosis or will one of the programs become a parasite of the other? How does the vast open spaces required for farming relate to the small intimate spaces suitable for living spaces? What is their interrelationship, how do they effect each other

What does it matter if we compete? : A quantitative study about co-education and single-gender education in physical and health education

Syfte, frågeställningar och hypotes  Syftet med studien var att studera elevernas upplevda- och faktiska aktivitetsgrad i sam- respektive särundervisning utan tävlingsmomentet. Följande frågor användes för att besvara syftet: Hur ser den faktiska fysiska aktiviteten ut bland pojkar respektive flickor då könen är integrerade respektive separerade i undervisning utan tävlingsmoment? Hur ser den upplevda fysiska aktiviteten ut bland pojkar respektive flickor då könen är integrerade respektive separerade i undervisning utan tävlingsmoment? Studiens hypotes var att om det inte finns något inslag av tävlingsmoment i undervisningen kommer ingen signifikant skillnad kunna påvisas i varken upplevd- eller faktisk aktivitetsgrad för de olika könen i de olika undervisningsformerna.  Metod  En kvantitativ metod, bestående av experiment och enkäter, användes för att studera aktivitetsgraden hos sammanlagt 138 elever som var 12-13 år gamla. Eleverna fick bära pulsklockor för att mäta faktisk aktivitetsgrad medan de sprang runt en hinderbana. Därefter fyllde de i enkäter för att ange hur de upplevde sin aktivitetsgrad jämfört med andra lektioner. Snittpulsen för de som hade samundervisning jämfördes sedan med de som hade särundervisning. För den upplevda aktiviteten jämfördes medianvärdet mellan de två grupperna.  Resultat  För pojkarna låg snittpulsen på 147 ± 18 slag/min (medelvärde ± standardavvikelse) under samundervisningen och 148 ± 18 slag/min under särundervisningen (p=0,92). För flickorna var siffrorna 151 ± 18 respektive 158 ± 11 slag/min (p=0,20). Den uppskattade aktivitetsgraden låg hos pojkarnas medianvärde på 8 ± 1 (medianvärde ± kvartilavvikelse) under samundervisning och 7 ± 0,5 under särundervisning (p=0,20). För flickorna var siffrorna 8,5 ± 0,5 respektive 7 ± 1 (p=0,83).  Slutsats  Resultaten i studien visar att det inte fanns någon signifikant skillnad i varken upplevd eller faktisk aktivitetsgrad mellan sam- eller särundervisning när det inte fanns ett tävlingsmoment i undervisningen. Det bekräftar därmed studiens hypotes.Aim  The aim of this study was to examine students perceived and actual level of activity in co-education and single-gender education without any competitive elements. The following questions were to be answered: What level of actual activity does boys and girls have respectively when the genders are integrated and separated in class without a competitive element? What is the perceived level of activity among boys and girls when the genders are integrated and separated in class without a competitive element? The hypothesis was that when the competitive element was excluded, no significant differences in either perceived- or actual level of activity would be found between the two forms of education.  Method  A quantitative method containing experiments and a survey was used to collect data for the study. 138 students between 12-13 years old participated. They wore heart rate monitors while they ran around an obstacle course to measure their actual level of activity. Afterwards they got to fill out a survey where they rated their perceived level of activity compared to other classes. Average heart rate of those who had co-education was then compared to those who had single-gender education. For the perceived activity levels the median was compared between the two groups.  Results  The boys average heart rate was 147 ± 18 beats/min (average ± standard deviation) during co-education and 148 ± 18 beats/min during single-gender education (p=0,92). For the girls those values were 151 ± 18 beats/min for the co-educated group and 158 ± 11 beats/min for the single-gender educated group (p=0,20). The median for the boys perceived level of activity was 8 ± 1 (median ± quartile deviation) during co-education and 7 ± 0,5 during single-gender education (p=0,20). For the girls the median were 8,5 ± 0,5 and 7 ± 1 respectively (p=0,83).  Conclusions  The result of the study shows that there were no significant difference in either perceived or actual level of activity between co-education and single-gender education when there was no element of competition. The hypothesis of the study was thus confirmed

Burnout syndrome - a lifelong journey? : A qualitative study on women's experiences of (trying to) recover from burnout syndrome

Denna studie syftade till att uppnå ökad förståelse för hur kvinnor drabbade av utmattningssyndrom kan uppleva att det är att försöka bli friska samt vad de anser är viktigt för tillfrisknandet. En kvalitativ metod tillämpades där sju kvinnor deltog i semistrukturerade intervjuer varpå tematisk innehållsanalys genomfördes. Analysen utmynnade i två övergripande teman, Livslång anpassning samt Förståelse och stöd. Att bli frisk efter att ha drabbats av utmattningssyndrom är en lång och komplex process. Tillfrisknandet tog sin början i insikt och acceptans men det ifrågasattes om den som drabbats någonsin blir helt frisk. Informanterna uttalade att de aldrig kommer att bli desamma som de var innan, samt att de livslångt behöver arbeta med anpassningar och strategier. Ansvaret för att bli och hålla sig frisk ligger i den drabbades egna händer, även om förståelse, stöd och hjälp i rätt tid från läkare, terapeuter, arbete, familj och vänner också behövs.This study aimed to gain a better understanding of how women suffering from burnout syndrome may experience trying to recover and what they consider significant for recovery. A qualitative method was applied, where seven women participated in semi-structured interviews, after which thematic content analysis was conducted. The analysis resulted in two overarching themes; Lifelong adaptation and Understanding and support. To get well after burnout is a long and complex process where recovery started with insight and acceptance and it was questioned whether someone with burnout would  ever completely recover. The informants stated that they would never be the same as they were before, and that they will have to work with adaptations and strategies for the rest of their lives. The responsibility to recover and stay well lied in their own hands although understanding, support and help at the right time from healthcare, therapists, work, family and friends were also needed

Government assignment winter tyres heavy vehicles : The Swedish government

VTI har tillsammans med Transportstyrelsen fått i uppdrag av regeringen att analysera dagens krav på vinterdäck för tunga fordon och utreda behovet av förändrade krav på vinterdäck eller däckutrustning för att minska framkomlighets- och säkerhetsproblem i vägtrafiken när det råder vinterväglag. Om behov finns ska Transportstyrelsen föreslå regeländringar. 2018 togs beslut fram på skärpta krav på vinterdäck till tunga fordon. Kraven blev aktiva 1 juni 2019. I uppdraget från regeringen ingick att följa upp hur de skärpta kraven efterlevs och bedöma vilken effekt som regeländringarna har fått på framkomlighet och trafiksäkerhet. Vi har i denna utredning genomfört fokusgrupper och intervjuer, samlat in statistik och genomfört olycksriskanalyser, samt utfört ett par fältstudier av däckens kondition för lastbilar och bussar i trafik. Vi har gått igenom befintligt regelverk i detalj och jämfört dem med regelverken i Norge och Finland, där man har liknande vinterförhållanden som i Sverige. Baserat på dessa analyser ser vi inga skäl till förändringar av befintligt regelverk för vinterdäck till tunga fordon. Den statistiska analysen kunde inte påvisa någon förbättring av halkrelaterade problem efter skärpningen av vinterdäcksreglerna 2019, varken när det gäller framkomlighet eller trafiksäkerhet.VTI, together with the Swedish Transport Agency, has been commissioned by the government to analyse the current regulations for winter tyres for heavy vehicles and to investigate the need for changed requirements for winter tyres or tyre equipment in order to reduce accessibility and safety problems in road traffic when winter road conditions prevail. If necessary, the Swedish Transport Agency will propose changes to the regulations. The assignment also included following up on compliance with the stricter requirements for winter tyres for heavy vehicles that were decided in 2018, and became active on 1 June 2019, and assessing the effect these regulatory changes have had on accessibility and road safety. In this investigation, we have conducted focus groups and interviews, collected statistics and carried out accident risk analyses, as well as carried out a couple of field studies of the condition of the tyres for trucks and buses in traffic. The existing regulations have been reviewed in detail and compared with the regulations in Norway and Finland, where winter conditions are similar to those in Sweden. Based on these analyses, we see no reason for changes to the existing regulations for winter tyres for heavy vehicles. The statistical analysis did not show any improvement in slippery conditions related to accessibility or road safety effects after the stricter winter tyre regulations in 2019

Seitsemän pohjoismaista tarinaa 2008

Sisältö Villen istuntopäiväkirja Pohjoismaat käynnistävät keskustelua Valko-Venäjällä Pohjoismaisia sydämenlyöntejä Vitamiiniruiske Pohjoismaiden tutkimusympäristölle Ihminen kauppatavarana Siemenet tallessa Tuomiopäivän holvissa Lainaa lesbo – ministerineuvosto murtaa ennakkoluuloj