‘Importance of Apparent Diffusion Cofficient of prostate cancer in mpMRI and correlation with Gleasons score’

Back ground: The Gleason score is a crucial factor in assessing prostate cancer. It provides valuable information about the aggressiveness of the cancer based on its microscopic appearance. The Gleason score is assigned by a pathologist after examining prostate biopsy samples under a microscope. It ranges from 6 to 10, with higher scores indicating more aggressive cancer. This Study have explored the relationship between Gleason score and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient.Aims & Objective: prospective analysis of mpMRI images and relevant clinical data from patient with prostate disease. The differences in ADC between different GS group were compared,and the efficacy of ADC in PCa diagnosis were analysed.. .Method: This study was conducted on 36 prostate cancer patient who undergo mpMRI exam followed by radical prostatectomy from certain period. ADC maps were calculated with monoexponential fitting per voxel of DW images at various b value and T-test /ANOVA was used to compare the means of continuous variables like ADC value between different Gleason’s score.Result: Significant correlations between MR imaging and tissue components were found at region-based analysis using linear mixed-effects models for all ROIs (PZ and TZ ROIs). The lumen and stroma density was positively correlated with the normalized T2-weighted MR imaging signal intensity and ADC, while the epithelium and epithelial nucleus density was negatively correlated (P,.01). Conclusion: Significant correlations were observed between MR imaging parameters ADC and tissue components. Higher ADC positively correlated with benign tissue features (lumen and stroma) and negatively correlated with cancerous components (epithelium and epithelial nucleus)

BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY: A TECHNICAL APPROACH

Over the last few years Pharmaceutical scientists are trying to explore transdermal and transmucosal routes as an alternative to injections. Buccal delivery of the desired drug using mucoadhesive polymers has been the subject of interest since the early 1980s. Conventional dosage forms for delivery of drugs via the oral mucosa include solutions, erodible or chewable, buccal or sublingual tablets and capsules. Unfortunately, a major portion of the drug in these systems may be unavailable due to involuntary swallowing and a very short residence time, because of mastication, speech etc and hence sustained release is usually not within the scope of such Formulations and development of Novel bioadhesive dosage forms for mucosal delivery of drugs that attempt to overcome these limitations. We formulated buccal drug delivery, The buccal cavity was found to be the most convenient and easily accessible site for the delivery of therapeutic agents for both local and systemic delivery as retentive dosage forms. Because buccal Adhesive drug delivery system prolong the residence time of the dosage form at the site of application or absorption and facilitate an intimate contact of the dosage form with the limited absorption surface and thus contribute to improved  better therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Buccal administration of drugs provides a convenient route of administration for both systemic and local drug actions. Buccal drug delivery has gained significant attention and momentum since it offers remarkable advantages. This review article is an overview of buccal drug delivery systems encompassing a review of oral mucosa, active ingredient delivered via buccal route by different mucoadhesive formulations. Including, commercial technologies and future prospects of this route of drug delivery are discussed