Exclusion Principle for Quantum Dense Coding

We show that the classical capacity of quantum states, as quantified by its ability to perform dense coding, respects an exclusion principle, for arbitrary pure or mixed three-party states in any dimension. This states that no two bipartite states which are reduced states of a common tripartite quantum state can have simultaneous quantum advantage in dense coding. The exclusion principle is robust against noise. Such principle also holds for arbitrary number of parties. This exclusion principle is independent of the content and distribution of entanglement in the multipartite state. We also find a strict monogamy relation for multi-port classical capacities of multi-party quantum states in arbitrary dimensions. In the scenario of two senders and a single receiver, we show that if two of them wish to send classical information to a single receiver independently, then the corresponding dense coding capacities satisfy the monogamy relation, similar to the one for quantum correlations.Comment: v2: 6 pages, RevTeX 4, title changed, previous results unchanged, new results adde

Networking for Success in Cyberspace

Several key technologies are converging to create the emerging cyberspace. We characterize this convergence process as one of cumulative synthesis and suggest that the network mode of organization is the most appropriate for facilitating convergence.Information Systems Working Papers Serie

Study on the correlation between Vitamin D and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to the development of complications, especially due to poor glycemic control. Besides its role in calcium homeostasis, Vitamin D has been involved in the pathophysiology as well as glycemic control of type 2 DM. Methods: 100 patients diagnosed with type 2 DM were included. Vitamin D levels along with glycosylated haemoglobin were measured in all the individuals. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 48% of the patients. Vitamin D levels were not associated with markers of glycemic control (HbA1c). Conclusions: Hypovitaminosis D was observed nearly in half of the patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting a potential for vitamin D supplementation in type 2 DM patients

Study on Association between BMI and Vitamin D Levels in South Indian Rural Population

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem worldwide and is considered to be a pandemic with implications for compromised bone health and other chronic diseases. A few studies have examined the association between vitamin D status and body mass index (BMI). However, prospective data using the biomarker serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH) D3 are limited and therefore examined in the present study. This study aims to evaluate the level of vitamin D status among healthy individuals and also to examine the relation between BMI and 25(OH)D in a cross-sectional sample of 100 men and women ranging in age from 18-75 years. Methods: Participants were selected from subjects attending to Medicine Outpatient Department (OPD) in Sri Venkateshwara Medical College Hospital & Research Centre (SVMCH & RC) willing to participate in the present study between Jan 2020 to Dec 2020. Anthropometric measurements, personal, medical history questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for vitamin D, and sun exposure questionnaire were collected from all the participants in the present study, blood samples for serum 25(OH)D3 were collected from all subjects. Results: Our study showed that the majority of healthy individual cases of the study i.e., 68.0% have a deficiency in vitamin D status, while 68.0% have ≤20 ng/dl in vitamin D, and 32.0% in >20 ng/dl. Moreover, the study showed a negative association between the level of circulating 25(OH) D3 and BMI. There is a statistically significant and inverse correlation between the level of circulating 25(OH) D3 and BMI. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the association between BMI and 25(OH)D concentrations in populations from south India can be seen across different age groups and in both men and women. The study also exemplified that higher BMI leads to lower vitamin D status, providing evidence for the role of obesity as a causal risk factor for the development of vitamin D deficiency

Conditions for Monogamy of Quantum Discord: Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger versus W states

Quantum correlations are expected to respect all the conditions required for them to be good measures of quantumness in the bipartite scenario. In a multipartite setting, sharing entanglement between several parties is restricted by the monogamy of entanglement. We take over the concept of monogamy to an information-theoretic quantum correlation measure, and find that it violates monogamy in general. Using the notion of interaction information, we identify necessary and sufficient conditions for the measure to obey monogamy, for arbitrary pure and mixed quantum states. We show that while three-qubit generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states follow monogamy, generalized W states do not.Comment: 4 (+ epsilon) pages, 3 eps figures, RevTeX4; v2: results unchanged, figure-size reduced; v3: notations improved, typos corrected; v4: published versio

Diaphyseal fractures of the forearm in adults, comparative study of dynamic compression plate versus intramedullary nail

Background: Forearm fractures are common nowadays because of road traffic accident. It is important to achieve anatomical reduction of both bone forearm fractures to regain function of upper limb. This study is undertaken to observe functional and radiological outcome using two different surgical modalities like dynamic compression plating (DCP), and intramedullary nailing in both bone forearm fractures and also to indivualize the optimal treatment method for different fracture pattern.Methods: Our study included 60 patients with diaphyseal forearm fractures in adults presenting to orthopaedic outpatient department. Among 60 patients, 30 patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation by dynamic compression plate and other 30 patients underwent closed reduction/open reduction by square nail after detailed pre-operative evaluation.Results: In our study average union time in DCP group is 23.39 weeks and square nail group is 28.89 weeks. Union in DCP group was 27 (90%) and square nail group 22 (73.33%). Delayed union in DCP group was 03 (10%) and in Square nail group was 6 (20%), non-union in DCP group was 0 (nil) and in square nail group was 2 (06%).Conclusions: Open reduction and internal fixation with DCP plates for both bone diaphyseal forearm fractures gives good results with early union rates. We also found that in open fractures and complex fracture like segmental fractures square nailing was better option compared to dynamic compression plate to reduce infection rates, retain periosteal blood supply from soft tissue. Thus we conclude that both implants are equally important and we should prioritize based on preoperative planning

The PDI (Protein Disulfide Isomerase) gene family in wheat.

The PDI (Protein Disulfide Isomerase) gene family includes several members whose products are responsible for diversified metabolic functions. PDI and PDI-like proteins differ for number and position of thioredoxin-like (TRX-like) active (a type) and inactive (b type) domains, for presence/absence of other domains and of the KDEL signal of retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The phylogenetic analysis of typical PDI and PDI-like protein sequences resolved them into 10 groups (1), 5 of them (I-V) had 2 TRX-like active domains, whereas the remaining ones owned only a single TRX-like active domain (VI-VIII, QSOX and APRL). In particular, QRX and APRL were not included in this study due to their putative non-isomerase enzymatic activities encoded by an additional domain. The aim of the present research was the study of the complexity and diversity of the PDI gene family in wheat, with particular focus on the genes encoding PDIlike proteins structurally similar to TaPDIL1-1 (group I), the first identified and best characterized member of the PDI family, also named typical PDI. The most important function of typical PDI is the formation and isomerization of disulfide bonds during protein folding, which are accomplished by its two active TRX-like sites sharing the characteristic tetrapeptide –CGHC-. Several studies of molecular characterization, expression analysis and cell localisation in rice and maize have suggested the involvement of typical PDI in the assembly and deposition of storage proteins in these species (2, 3, 4). The characterization and chromosome location of the three homoeologous gene sequences encoding typical PDI and of their promoter sequences have been reported previously (5)