Kinetics and kinematics of diabetic foot in type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetes mellitus patients are at increased risk of developing diabetic foot with peripheral neuropathy, vascular and musculoskeletal complications. Problems develop with a relatively high risk of infection, gangrene and amputation. In addition, altered plantar pressure distribution is an important etiopathogenic risk factor for the development of foot ulcers. The purpose of this systematic review is to understand the biomechanical changes involved through studies of foot kinematic and kinetic in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Scientific articles were identified using electronic databases including Science Direct, CINAHL, Springer Link, Medline, Web of Science, and Pubmed. The selection of articles to include in the systematic review was narrorwed after reading the full text, focusing on studies that used experimental designs relating to the biomechanics of diabetic foot. The meta-analysis report on gait velocity (neuropathy = 128 and non-diabetes = 131) showed that there was a significantly lower gait velocity in neuropathy participants compared to non-diabetes age-matched participants at a high effect level (-0.09, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.05; p < 0.0001). Regarding knee-joint flexion range, there was a significant difference between neuropathy and non-diabetes groups (4.75, 95% CI, -7.53 to 1.97, p = 0.0008). The systematic review found significant differences in kinematic and kinetic variables among diabetic with neuropathy, diabetic without neuropathy and non-diabetic individuals. The review also found that the sample sizes used in some studies were not statistically significant enough contribute reliably to the meta-analysis, so further studies with higher sample sizes are required

Quality of life in patients with alcohol use disorders admitted to de-addiction centers using WHOQOL-BREF scale—A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) adversely affect a person's general health and the lives of their family and friends. These disorders are also the most undertreated mental illness with severe implications for public health. Hence, the present study aimed to employ the WHOQOL-BREF to assess the quality of life (QoL) of AUDs patients seeking treatment at de-addiction centers and identify the demographic variables associated with the QoL dimension scores. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among alcohol dependents taking treatment in de-addiction centers in Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was administered to 124 subjects. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to identify the demographic variables associated with the QoL dimension scores. RESULTS: The domain mean scores were between 50 and 60 on the 0 to 100 scale. Age, social class, residential area, marital status, and years of drinking were the demographic variables found to be significantly associated with the dimension scores. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should monitor the effect of alcoholism on QoL, and a multidisciplinary treatment plan with elements from the medical, social, and psychiatric fields should be used. The demographic variables should be considered while managing patients with AUDs

Association of glycaemic control with demographics, diabetes management information and body fat composition in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a need for multi-disciplinary management

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition that can cause complications due to poor glycaemic control. The demographic characteristics, information related to DM and management, anthropometric variables, and the body fat composition of T2DM individuals are important factors influencing glycaemic control. This study was conducted to explore the association between glycaemic control and selected demographic characteristics, information on T2DM management, and body fat composition in T2DM patients. This cross-sectional survey amongst people with T2DM was conducted in the Udupi district of South India. A number of 467 participants were selected for the study using a simple random sampling technique. The survey included three parts: a questionnaire, an anthropometric and body fat composition measurement, and a biochemical assessment. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that not consulting the dietician (OR=6.074); the presence of complications (OR=2.955); visceral fat ≥10 (OR=2.037); non-compliance to exercise (OR=2.007); availing treatment from the private sector (OR=1.85); and non-consumption of traditional remedies (OR=1.651) were the associated factors to poor glycaemic control in T2DM patients. Not consulting dieticians, complications, non-compliance to exercise, not consuming traditional remedies, visceral fat ≥10 and availing treatment at private setup were the significant associated factors for the poor glycemic control. </p