Salt and pepper noise reduction and edge detection algorithm based on neutrosophic logic

Neutrosophic set (NS) is a powerful tool to deal with indeterminacy. In this paper, the neutrosophic set is applied to the image domain and a novel edge detection technique is proposed. Noise reduction of images is a challenging task in image processing. Salt and pepper noise is one kind of noise that affects a grayscale image significantly. Generally, the median filter is used to reduce salt and pepper noise; it gives optimum results while compared to other image filters. Median filter works only up to a certain level of noise intensity. Here we proposed a neighborhood-based image filter called nbd-filter, it works perfectly for gray image regardless of noise intensity. It reduces salt and pepper noise significantly at any noise level and produces a noise-free image. Further, we proposed an edge detection algorithm based on the neutrosophic set, it detectsedges efficiently for images corrupted by noise and noise-free images. Since most of the real-life images consists of indeterminate regions, neutrosophy is a perfect tool for edge detection. The main advantage of the proposed edge detector is, it is a simple and efficient technique and detect edges more efficient than conventional edge detectors

Stir Speed and Reinforcement Effects on Tensile Strength in Al-Based Composites

This study focuses on the preparation of Al-based hybrid composites using AA7475 as the main alloy reinforced with two materials, ZrO2 and SiC. The combination of stir-squeeze processing techniques was employed to create various specimens by varying four parameters: Stir-speed, Stir-time, reinforcements, and squeeze pressure. Taguchi design was utilized to generate specimens for analyzing their mechanical properties, specifically tensile strength, hardness, and porosity.The results indicated that the highest porosity (4.44%) was observed in the L16 test, with a combination of 700rpm stir speed, 25 mins stir time, 2wt% reinforcements, and 80MPa squeeze pressure. On the other hand, the lowest porosity (2.61%) was found in the L7 test, with 800rpm stir speed, 30 mins stir time, 2wt% reinforcements, and 100 MPa squeeze pressure.Regarding tensile strength (UTS), the maximum value (285.23MPa) was achieved in the L13 experiment, while the minimum value (187.58 MPa) was observed in the L1 experiment. This variation in UTS can be attributed to the applied load, the strengthening effect of the reinforcements, and the grain size of SiC