Functional brain neuroimaging-guided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurodevelopmental disorders: The case of a schizencephaly-related spastic dystonia

International audienceSpastic dystonia is defined as tonic involuntary muscle activation at rest superimposed over spastic paresis [1]. It occurs in different pathological conditions, ranging from dopamine-dependent dystonia [2] to post-stroke deforming spastic hemiparesis [1]. Even though important burden is associated to spastic dystonia, therapeutic options are scarce and mostly limited to intramuscular botulinum toxin injection and surgical partial nerve section. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as an interesting therapeutic option, but with inconsistent results [3]. We suggest that optimized targeting based on functional brain imaging could enhance the results of rTMS in schizencephaly-related dystonia and improve our knowledge about the technical procedure to become more widely applicable in neurodevelopmental disorders

Chronobiologie, rythme circadien et schizophrénie

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Anomalies neurodéveloppementales et vulnérabilité à la schizophrénie

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Neural correlates of theory of mind and empathy in schizophrenia: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis

International audienceSocial cognition impairment predicts social functioning in schizophrenia. Several studies have found abnormal brain activation in patients with schizophrenia during social cognition tasks. Nevertheless, no coordinate-based meta-analysis comparing the neural correlates of theory of mind and empathy had been done in this population. Our aim was to explore neural correlates related to theory of mind and empathy in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls, in order to identify abnormal brain activation related to emotional content during mental state attribution in schizophrenia. We performed a neural-coordinate-based Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of existing neuroimaging data in the literature to distinguish between abnormal brain maps associated with emotional attribution and those associated with intention/belief inference. We found that brain activation in patients group was significantly decreased in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) during emotional attribution, while there was a significant decrease in the left posterior temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) during intention/belief attribution. Using a meta-analytic connectivity modeling approach (MACM), we demonstrated that both regions are coactivated with other brain regions known to play a role in social cognition, including the bilateral anterior insula, right TPJ, left amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In addition, abnormal activation in both the left TPJ and right VLPFC was previously reported in association with verbal-auditory hallucinations and a "jumping to conclusions" cognitive bias. Thus, these regions could be valuable targets for therapeutic interventions in schizophrenia

Neural Correlates of Semantic Inhibition in Relation to Hypomanic Traits: An fMRI Study

ObjectivesLanguage modifications are a core feature of mania, but little is known about the semantic mechanisms behind these disturbances. The aim of the present study was thus to identify deficits in semantic inhibition and their respective neural activation patterns in a sample of individuals assessed for hypomanic personality traits.MethodsThirty-six young adults with no neurological or psychiatric diagnoses were assessed for hypomanic personality traits with the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) and underwent an fMRI task of semantic ambiguity resolution.ResultsRegression analyses revealed a positive association between the HPS score and activity in the left superior frontal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, and anterior cingulate gyrus during semantic ambiguity resolution.ConclusionWe found a link between HPS scores and brain areas that are part of the cognitive control loop and semantic memory network during language processing in a nonclinical sample of individuals. The hyperactivation of these regions may reflect a compensatory neural response in a population with greater vulnerability to BD

De qui parle-t-on quand on parle d'un schizophrène ?

Le terme de schizophrène s'applique à un sujet souffrant d'un trouble décrit en 1911, pour la première fois par un psychiatre suisse Eugen Bleuler dans un ouvrage intitulé "Dementia Praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien". Dans cet ouvrage, Bleuler développe une double approche : l'une centrée sur la maladie, l'autre sur la personne. L'apport essentiel de Bleuler a été de montrer l'importance de cette dernière dans le déterminisme des tableaux cliniques et de leur évolution, ouvrant ainsi la voie à des approches plus anthropologiques du sujet schizophrène. Leur prise en compte, à une époque où dominent les modèles naturalistiques de l'affection, n'est pas sans conséquence quant à l'efficience de nos actions thérapeutiques

Functional outcome and social cognition in bipolar disorder: Is there a connection?

International audienc

Verbal fluency in bipolar disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Hétérogénéité des déterminants du comportement de binge drinking : arguments en faveur d’une typologie

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