Knowledge On Sex Determination Using Condylar Process Width On Left Side In South Indian Population- A Short Study

Aim: The aim of the study is to identify gender using the width of the left side of the mandibular condylar process. Introduction: Forensic anthropology is the branch of forensic science which deals with the physical anthropology of the dead remains and helps in the analysis of the skeletal remains with the anatomical knowledge. The mandible is the strongest and the hardest bone of the skull which remains intact. It provides the accurate information to whom it belongs and its has the greater sexual dimorphism among the other skeletal structures. The condyle is the growing interest of the anthropologist because they eventually reported that the condylar width of males is comparatively more than that of females. Sex determination in forensic is foremost because the age and the stature are resting on each other.To do sex determination, the dead remains and the state of dimorphism play a critical role. There is paucity in literature regarding the width of the condylar process in gender determination. Materials and methods: The study consisted of 60 individuals (30 males, 30 females, Age group: 22- 25 years). This study was performed using Orthopantomographs images acquired from patients who were chosen for a variety of dental complaints and needed to be viewed with OPG. The research plan was confirmed by the administration of the Faculty of Dentistry. The study was carried out at the Department of Forensic odontology, Saveetha Dental college, Chennai. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20. Regression analysis and chi square tests were performed. Plan maker software was utilized for measuring the condylar process width from OPGs. Results: The mean absolute error of the study came out to be 1.121. The standard deviation for male is 1.63 and for females is 1.69. Chi- square analysis for gender determination was found to be insignificant. One way anova analysis for gender determination is and it was found to be insignificant. Males have higher condylar process width compared to females. Discussion: Ramesh et al in their study suggested that the parameters such as condylar height and coronoid height using orthopantomographs are reliable in gender determination and concluded that the condylar height of the right side is the best parameter in gender determination In the present study of the chi square analysis, one way anova analysis was found to be insignificant. But the condylar process width (left side) of the males were comparatively higher than females. Therefore, this ideology could help in sex determination. Conclusion: Within the limits of the study it can be concluded that condylar process width ( left side) of male were comparatively higher than females. But the study is not significant due to Sample insufficiency and less time duration. Since this study was circumscribed to a particular region and population, with more sample size, extended period of time for analysis and with different ethnicity can make the study significant

Knowledge About the Comparative Cytotoxic Effect of Herbal Based Commercial Mouthwashes Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Introduction: Comparison of herbal and commercial mouthwashes is important due to their action in oral health. To determine their action and cytotoxic effect by killing the pathogens present in the oral cavity. Objective: To prepare two different glass plates containing equally counted nauplies with commercial mouthwash and herbal mouthwash in it. Materials And Method : Using brine shrimp in Salt water with mouthwashes in two 6X10 plates. Inclusion Criteria: Alive shrimp nauplii , commercial mouthwash , herbal mouthwash Exclusion Criteria: No dead nauplii Result: In the experiment we have found that the commercial mouthwash effect was higher than the herbal mouthwash. The shrimp death was higher in commercial mouthwash. Conclusion: From this study it is concluded that commercial mouthwash is highly recommended to be used and in future study we can study about the effects of commercial mouthwash. Herbal mouthwash effect was less on nauplus and the death of them

A Awareness And Knowledge On Comparative Cytotoxic Effect Of Hibiscus- Marigold Herbal Formulation And Its Mediated Silver Nanoparticles

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a resurgence in the use of traditional medicinal herbs, and as a result, pharmaceutical companies are investing heavily in developing natural medications derived from plants. Nanoparticles act in a number of potential ways and fields. Chemical synthesis of nanoparticles is no longer advantageous compared to plant-based synthesis. The current study uses a green method to create silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing flower extract. Materials and methods: The cytotoxic activity for gel was tested by the following convention proposed by Muzushima and Kabayashi with specific alterations. 0.05 mL of hibiscus and marigold of various fixations. Result: Using rosa and jasminum extract in the manufacture of silver nanoparticles, the nanoparticles showed remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. It was discovered that the cytotoxic effect was less harmful, demonstrating biocompatibility. Rosa jasminum extract of AgNps showed good anti-inflammatory efficacy in the EA and BSA assays. Conclusion: From our study we concluded that Silver nanoparticles were created using rosa and jasminum extract, and the nanoparticles displayed impressive cytotoxicity

Novel method to manage weeds in the rainfed groundnut (var. VRI 8 and TMV 14) using nano encapsulated herbicide formulations

The groundnut crop harbours heavy weed infestation due to its small stature and slow growing nature. The current weed management practices of hand weeding and use of commercial herbicides are unsuitable because of high labour cost and inadequate moisture availability to activate herbicides.  In order to release the herbicide in a smart way, this experiment aimed to study the efficacy of encapsulated herbicides . Field experiments were conducted during Kharif 2021 and late Rabi 2022 under rainfed conditions in randomised block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of sulfentrazone, oxyfluorfen, diclosulam and metolachlor in both commercial and encapsulated form using two doses, hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, weed free plot and weedy check. Minimum weed density (28.33 and 17.30 No./m2 at 90 DAS during Kharif and late Rabi respectively) and weed dry weight (65.33 and 61.25 g/m2 at 90 DAS during Kharif and late Rabi respectively) were observed in hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T19) followed by diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulation (T7). Maximum weed density and weed dry weight was observed in metolachlor @ 1 kg/ha with encapsulation (T8). Higher productivity was observed in hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T19) (1802 kg ha-1  and 1753 kg ha-1  pod yield during Kharif and late Rabi respectively) and higher profitability was obtained in diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulation (T7) (1.80 and 2.01 B:C ratio during (Kharif and late Rabi respectively). Nano-encapsulated herbicides can thus significantly improve weed control in rainfed groundnut

Efficacy of new herbicide (bispyribac sodium 10% SC) against different weed flora, nutrient uptake in rice and their residual effects on succeeding crop of green gram under zero tillage

Field experiment was conducted in the wetland farms of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during rabi season (August to February) of 2011-12 to evaluate the herbicide (Bispyribac sodium 10% SC) on weed control and their nutrient management in direct seeded lowland rice. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The results revealed that Early Post Emergence (EPOE) application of bispyribac sodium 10% SC 40 g ha-1 recorded higher weed control efficiency and lesser weed density, nutrient uptake at reproductive stage of the crop. Different weed management practices imposed on rice crop did not affect the germination of succeeding green gram

Effect of different herbicide spray volumes on weed control efficiency of a battery-operated Unmanned aerial vehicle sprayer in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The effect of spray volume on weed control in transplanted rice ecosystems using the Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) needs to be better understood for management in the advancements of UAV-based spraying technology. The present study aimed to find out the influence of varied spray volumes of 15 L/ha, 20 L/ha and 25 L/ha using the UAV and 500 L/ha using a Knapsack sprayer (KS) to compare the weed density, weed dry matter and weed control efficiency and yield in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pre-emergence (PE) application of Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl at 25 g a.i./ha at three days after transplanting (DAT) and post-emergence (PoE) application of Bis-pyribac sodium at 25 g a.i./ha at 25 DAT were used as herbicide treatments. The results revealed that varied spray volumes significantly influenced the weed density, dry matter, and weed control efficiency of the UAV and KS. Application of herbicides using KS (500 L/ha) and UAV (25 L/ha) had better control on the weeds by reducing weed density and dry matter at 20, 40, and 60 DAT, with no significant difference. Higher grain yield and straw yield were recorded in KS (500 L/ha) and UAV (25 L/ha), with no significant difference. However, applying 25 L/ha had better weed control efficiency and higher yield, possibly due to optimum deposition. Considering the low volume application of UAV (25 L/ha) as compared with KS (500 L/ha), it is better to go for the optimal application of 25 L/ha, which is an energy-efficient and cost-effective, labour-saving approach compared to KS

Predicting disease progression and poor outcomes in patients with moderately active rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review

Objectives: Access to biologic DMARDs for RA is often restricted to those with severe disease. This systematic review aimed to identify prognostic factors in patients with moderate disease activity who may be at risk of disease progression and poor clinical outcomes. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched (final search 22 September 2017), and data from patients with moderate disease [28-joint DAS (DAS28) >3.2–≤5.1] were included. Studies were evaluated according to the measure(s) of progression/poor outcome used: radiographic, disease activity or other indicators. Results: The searches identified 274 publications, of which 30 were selected for data extraction. Fourteen studies were prioritized, because they specifically analysed patients with moderate RA. Nine studies reported radiographic progression outcomes for 3241 patients, three studies reported disease activity progression for 1516 patients, and two studies reported other relevant outcomes for 2094 patients. Prognostic factors with consistent evidence for progression/poor outcome prediction were as follows: DAS28 ≥ 4.2, the presence of anti-CCP antibodies, and power Doppler ultrasound score ≥1. Some predictors were specific to either disease activity or radiographic progression. Conclusion: Several criteria used in standard clinical practice were identified that have the potential to inform the selection of patients with moderate RA who are at greater risk of a poor outcome. A combination of two or more of these factors might enhance their predictive potential. Further work is required to derive clinical decision rules incorporating these factors

Molecular Landscape of the Ribosome Pre-initiation Complex during mRNA Scanning: Structural Role for eIF3c and Its Control by eIF5

Citation: Obayashi, E., Luna, R. E., Nagata, T., Martin-Marcos, P., Hiraishi, H., Singh, C. R., . . . Asano, K. (2017). Molecular Landscape of the Ribosome Pre-initiation Complex during mRNA Scanning: Structural Role for eIF3c and Its Control by eIF5. Cell Reports, 18(11), 2651-2663. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.052During eukaryotic translation initiation, eIF3 binds the solvent-accessible side of the 40S ribosome and recruits the gate-keeper protein eIF1 and eIF5 to the decoding center. This is largely mediated by the N-terminal domain (NTD) of eIF3c, which can be divided into three parts: 3c0, 3c1, and 3c2. The N-terminal part, 3c0, binds eIF5 strongly but only weakly to the ribosome-binding surface of eIF1, whereas 3c1 and 3c2 form a stoichiometric complex with eIF1. 3c1 contacts eIF1 through Arg-53 and Leu-96, while 3c2 faces 40S protein uS15/S13, to anchor eIF1 to the scanning pre-initiation complex (PIC). We propose that the 3c0:eIF1 interaction diminishes eIF1 binding to the 40S, whereas 3c0:eIF5 interaction stabilizes the scanning PIC by precluding this inhibitory interaction. Upon start codon recognition, interactions involving eIF5, and ultimately 3c0:eIF1 association, facilitate eIF1 release. Our results reveal intricate molecular interactions within the PIC, programmed for rapid scanning-arrest at the start codon