5 research outputs found
The development of adequate finite element models of load-bearing structures coating βVnukovo-1 airport complexβ to solve the problems of monitoring their technical condition
This article considers the issues of designing adequate finite element models of weight-bearing structures based on the roof structures of the Vnukovo-1 airport, which is made in the form of a spatial core structure. Additional actions on the covering structure model in terms of the strength checking calculation procedure are presented, its purpose is to make the adequate model for its further use in the design of structural health monitoring. The article presents the results of modeling, comparative research with the data of nature experiment
ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠ£ΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ£Π ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ THP-1 ΠΠ Π Π‘Π’ΠΠΠ£ΠΠ―Π¦ΠΠ IN VITRO
HighlightsExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane objects with inner and surface molecular cargo performing various biological functions associated with intercellular connection. Therefore, they are a promising object for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.THP-1 is a human leukemia monocytic cell line and a classic model for monocyte/macrophage function and differentiation. Spectrum of THP-1-derived extracellular vesicles are heterogenic and are not to date totally clarified.The comparison of EVs produced by stimulated THP-1 cells is performed in the study.Β Aim. Quantitatively and qualitatively characterize THP-1-derived extracellular vesicles in concordance on type and dose of used stimulators.Methods. THP-1 cells were stimulated by PMA (4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate), LPS (lipopolysaccharide) and TNF (tumor necrosis factor). Cell activation and viability were assessed by the expression of CD54 and DAPI (4β²,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining respectively. Size and quantitative characteristics were assessed using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Qualitative assessment of surface molecular markers was performed by high-sensitivity multicolor flow cytometry (hs-FCM).Results. TNF and PMA stimulation in medium and high doses led to an increase in quantity of small EVs (30β150 nm) that express tetraspanins CD9 and CD63. Low doses of TNF and PMA did not lead to a significant increase of EVs compared to control. There was a decrease in amount of small EVs (30β150 nm) in LPS-stimulated probes. However, medium and high doses of LPS stimulated selective CD63-positive EVs secretion with absence of CD9-positive events. Cell activation assessed by CD54 expression have been dose-dependent and was most prominent under PMA stimulation.Conclusion. Every type of THP-1 cell activators promotes changes in the functional activity of cells towards production of extracellular vesicles. Moreover, we demonstrate quantitative and qualitative difference in THP-1-derived vesicles under different stimulation conditions. Medium and high doses of PMA and TNF were the most relevant in stimulation of vesiculation. LPS-stimulation could be used to selectively obtain CD63-positive fraction of EV.ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Ρ (ΠΠ) β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ c ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.ΠΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ·Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° β THP-1 β ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°. Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π½ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ.Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ THP-1 ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ².Β Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ», ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ THP-1, Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ THP-1. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ: PMA (4-ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»-12-ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ-13-Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ) Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
5, 16 ΠΈ 50 Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ», ΠΠΠ‘ (Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄) Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
0,1 Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ», 0,3 Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ», 1,0 Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ» ΠΈ Π€ΠΠ (ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ) Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
5, 10 ΠΈ 20 Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ». ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ CD54, Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°/Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π° β ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° DAPI (4β²,6-Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-2-ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»)-ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ (hs-FCM). Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ» ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ (NTA). ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ (hs-FCM).Β Β Β Β Β Β Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π‘ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π€ΠΠ ΠΈ PMA Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ
(30β150 Π½ΠΌ) Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ», ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ (CD9, CD63). ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π€ΠΠ ΠΈ PMA Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 30-150 Π½ΠΌ (ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ). ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΠΠ‘ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ CD63-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ CD9-ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ». ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ CD54, Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ PMA.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ THP-1 ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ». ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π€ΠΠ ΠΈ PMA. Π‘ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ‘ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ CD63-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ
The development of adequate finite element models of load-bearing structures coating βVnukovo-1 airport complexβ to solve the problems of monitoring their technical condition
This article considers the issues of designing adequate finite element models of weight-bearing structures based on the roof structures of the Vnukovo-1 airport, which is made in the form of a spatial core structure. Additional actions on the covering structure model in terms of the strength checking calculation procedure are presented, its purpose is to make the adequate model for its further use in the design of structural health monitoring. The article presents the results of modeling, comparative research with the data of nature experiment
Deep Immunophenotyping of Circulating T and B Cells in Relapsing Adult-Onset Stillβs Disease
Adult-onset Stillβs disease (AOSD) is a complex systemic inflammatory disorder, categorized as an βIL-1 drivenβ inflammasomapathy. Despite this, the interaction between T and B cells remains poorly understood. We conducted a study, enrolling 7 patients with relapsing AOSD and 15 healthy control subjects, utilizing deep flow cytometry analysis to examine peripheral blood T- and B-cell subsets. T-cell and B-cell subsets were significantly altered in patients with AOSD. Within CD4+ T cells, Th2 cells were decreased. Additionally, Th17 cell and follicular Th cell subsets were altered within CD45RAβCD62L+ and CD45RAβCD62Lβ Th cells in patients with AOSD compared to healthy controls. We identified changes in CD8+ T cell maturation and βpolarizationβ in AOSD patients, with an elevated presence of the TEMRA CD8+ T cell subset. Furthermore, the percentage of Tc1 cells was decreased, while the frequency of CCR6βCXCR3β Tc2 cells was elevated. Finally, we determined that the frequency of CD5+CD27β B cells was dramatically decreased in patients with AOSD compared to healthy controls. Further investigations on a large group of patients with AOSD are required to evaluate these adaptive immunity cells in the disease pathogenesis
Dysregulated Immune Responses in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients: A Comprehensive Overview
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in humans more than two years ago and caused an unprecedented socio-economic burden on all countries around the world. Since then, numerous studies have attempted to identify various mechanisms involved in the alterations of innate and adaptive immunity in COVID-19 patients, with the ultimate goal of finding ways to correct pathological changes and improve disease outcomes. State-of-the-art research methods made it possible to establish precise molecular mechanisms which the new virus uses to trigger multisystem inflammatory syndrome and evade host antiviral immune responses. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of published data that provide insight into pathological changes in T and B cell subsets and their phenotypes, accompanying the acute phase of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. This knowledge might help reveal new biomarkers that can be utilized to recognize case severity early as well as to provide additional objective information on the effective formation of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity and predict long-term complications of COVID-19, including a large variety of symptoms termed the ‘post-COVID-19 syndrome’