Constraints and Barriers in Corporate Governance and Managerial Efficiency: A Comparative Analysis

The focus of this study is to investigate the constraints and barriers in managerial efficiency of corporate sector in Pakistan, not only for the better results of the corporate but also for the whole economy. A comparison of Pakistani corporate sector is made with 32 low income countries. Corruption, crime, gender, finance, infrastructure, innovation of technology, are the major constraints for managerial efficiency of corporate sector in low income countries elaborated in this study.  Different dimensions of each variable are used to compare level of severity of constraints in different countries. Pakistan, as a whole, is comparatively bearing a low ratio of these hindrances as compared to remaining third world countries but these constraints need attention not only to increase the managerial efficiency of corporate sector in Pakistan but also for the whole economy. This study is contribution to literature regarding the implementation of healthy corporate governance in Pakistan as compared to same economies and suggests the constraints and barriers to avoid default period of the corporate and less efficiency of economy. Furthermore, it helps us to trace the major key factors regarding the implementation of healthy corporate governance to increase managerial efficiency of the corporate because it is not the Government that helps corporate to implement corporate governance effectively but corporate itself can do it effectively. The data is collected by using the secondary sources and World Bank is used as a data source to compare Pakistani corporate sector with low income countries. The results suggest that Pakistan is bearing fewer ratios of all variables as compared with other country variables that shows that Pakistani corporate sector can easily overcome these constraints if there will be proper implication of proper corporate governance. Keywords: Constraints, Barriers, Pakistan, Corporate Governanc

Impact of Firm Size on Capital Budgeting Techniques: An Empirical Study of Textile Firms in Pakistan

This study examines the type of capital budgeting methods used by textile firms in Pakistan and impact of firm size on these methods. This study also investigates the relationship between the total assets of the firm and annual turnover of the firm according to primary capital budgeting technique used. Questionnaire method is used as a source of gathering primary data. SPSS is used as tool for analysis of data. Cross tabulation is applied on each variable. Chi square test is also applied to investigate the relationship between total assets of firm and total turnover of the firm according to primary capital budgeting technique used. Findings of this study reveal that net present value method and internal rate of return are two mostly used methods. Findings also show that there is no relationship between the total assets of the firms and turnover of the firm according to capital budgeting technique used by firms. These results are well supported by the literature. Keywords: Net Present Value, Chi Square, Pakista

Effect of Employee Satisfaction on Intrapreneurship: An Analysis from Service Industry of Pakistan.

This paper seeks to investigate the relationship between employee satisfaction and intrapreneurship in the service industry of Pakistan. In the competitive global environment, innovativeness in the products and services along with new technology advancements is key for the success of firms. In existing firms, the new idea generation and new business expansions in existing markets is a very crucial element. For achieving this objective, organizations rely upon their employees because the intrapreneurs are employees of the firm. Employee plays an important role in entrepreneurial activities. For getting the best out of the employees employee satisfaction with the job is a crucial element which may depend on several factors. Organizational characteristics ,values and employee related factors can lead an organization toward internal advancements like technology development, generation of ideas or self-renewal process and innovativeness in products/services and new business expansions that all will ultimately lead organization toward the more productivity and firm growth and business development. Survey based study has been done and the data has been collected through a survey Questionnaire. Sample of the study is 150 employees from the service sector of Pakistan. To check the relationship between the variables the multiple response method has been used. With the help of statistical software SPSS cross tabs tables has been generated. The findings of study reveal that role clarity and role conflict among the employees or the relationship between the employees along with remuneration, general satisfaction with the work and job stability of the employee decide about the employee satisfaction. Employee satisfaction has a positive relationship with the intrapreneurship. Keywords: Employee Satisfaction , Intrapreneurship, SPSS, Pakistan, Servic

Impact of CEO Duality and Audit Committee on Firm Performance: A Study of Oil & Gas Listed Firms of Pakistan

This paper examines the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and performance of the firm. In this empirical paper, audit committee and CEO duality are taken as corporate governance mechanisms and profit margin and return on equity are taken as a measure of performance of the firm for a sample of 11 listed firms of Pakistan for year 2010-2011. Results reveal positive significant relationship of return on equity and profit margin with audit committee. However, this study could not provide a significant relationship of CEO duality with return on equity and profit of the firm. The findings of study help policy makers in setting of proper policies. The finding also determines the importance of audit committee and CEO duality in terms of profitability. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Firm Performance, CEO Dualit

Unemployment and Its Determinants:A Study of Pakistan Economy (1999-2010)

This study has been conducted to determine the determinants which cause the unemployment in economy of Pakistan for the period of 1999-2010. Unemployment is political and social issue in all the countries. In this foreign direct investment, gross domestic product rate, CPI based inflation rate and population growth rate is taken as explanatory variables. In this study ordinary least square model is used for determining the results. Findings of this paper shows that foreign direct investment, gross domestic product rate and CPI based inflation rate has negative impact on unemployment. Population growth rate has positive relationship with unemployment and it contributes to unemployment. This study also confirmed the tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. Keywords: Unemployment, Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Inflation Rat

Effect of Service Quality Dimensions on Customer Satisfaction: A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan Telecom Sector

The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction. Two main dimensions of service quality were taken i.e. reliability and empathy. This is a quantitative analysis and the data was collected in the form of communication-based questionnaires. The sample size was 400 respondents and four main telecom service providers were considered for the study. The results were calculated by analytical software SPSS-20. It was concluded that service reliability and service empathy both have an effect on customer satisfaction. It was also determined that some factors were more satisfactory than the others. The findings of study reveal that percentages of customer satisfaction change with the service quality dimensions of reliability and empathy. Overall, it can be established that there is a significant relationship between customer satisfaction and service quality dimensions of empathy and reliability. Keywords: Service Quality, Empathy, Reliability, Customer satisfaction

Improving Productivity through Appropriate Performance Appraisal in Pakistan State Oil Limited

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of performance appraisal on productivity. Appraisal tools are used to measure the output of workers which are compared with the given tasks with specific working environment in designing these tools there is three step process define the job, appraise the performance and providing the relative feedback. The manager should take keen in designing. Cross tabulation methods is used to analyze this phenomenon. Face to face interview and questionnaire will be the research strategy and this will be cross sectional study i.e. one time study; data collection method will be secondary data, primary data through random sampling will be collected from the contractors of  transport companies of Pakistan State Oil Limited and general analytical method will be used for data analysis. The finding of study suggests that performance appraisal system has significant effect on personal skill and by using the combination of two methods; rating and narrative method leads us improvement in productivity of the organization. Keywords: Organizational Productivity, Performance Appraisal, Rating method, Narrative method

Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Brand Image: A Study on Telecom Brands

In recent years, corporate social responsibility has gained much attention of researcher and professionals. A number of studies have been conducted to determine the impact of corporate social responsibility on different dimensions of organizations that includes investment, corporate image, sales and corporate branding. In Pakistan, only MNCs are implementing the concept of corporate social responsibility. In recent study, the impact of corporate social responsibility on brand image determined by using the advance econometric techniques. Brand image consists of all associations in the mind of consumers of that brand. Brand image is considered the basic and significant important part of brand equity. The findings of study support the positive effect of corporate social responsibilities. The findings are also helpful for professionals and researchers. Keywords: Economic Responsibility, Legal Responsibility, Ethical Responsibility, Philanthropic Responsibility, Brand Image, Teleco

Relationship between Capital Structure and Ownership Structure: A Comparative Study of Textile and Non Textile Manufacturing Firms

The current study explores the impact of ownership structure on capital structure in textile sector and rest of the manufacturing sectors (non-textile) in Pakistan using regression analysis with fixed effect model. As textile sector is the largest manufacturing sector in Pakistan and having diversified financial characteristics, however, there exists a gap whether textile sector’s ownership and capital structure relationship matches with other manufacturing sectors or not. Current study tries to fill this gap. The results indicate that in textile sector, no significant relationship exists between ownership concentration and capital structure whereas a significant negative relationship is found between these two variables in case of non-textile firms in Pakistan. However, institutional ownership variable was found to be non-significant in both textile and non-textile sectors. Other control variables were found to have the results as hypothesized. Period of study used in this study is 2006-2009 and sample comprises of KSE listed firms. Keywords: Ownership concentration, capital structure, institutional shareholding