Prevalence of “Persistent Low Grade Morbidities” in a Section of Urban Youth Population

To determine the frequency and pattern of persistent low grade morbidities (PLGMs) in youth and also to identify life style factors which may influence their occurrence. Methods: In this cross-sectional study 200 younger urban people (19-24Y) were inquired by a self designed questionnaire by direct interviewing. Results: Mean age was 21years. Sixty four percent were female, 69% students, 6.5% smokers and 90.5% were unmarried. Distribution of PLGMs found was depressive mood swings(62%), frequent headache (46.5%), pain in lower limbs (44.5%), neck shoulder & back pain (44%) , easy fatiguability (42.5%), difficulty in falling asleep (38%) and epigastric discomfort (28%). More females (64.04%) were found affected. Statistically important co-variations between healthy behaviours and the absence of selected PLGMs (OR=1.01 – 2.09) was seen. Conclusions: Study findings are close to presumptions and are enough to sensitize relevant public health stake holders for needed measures. Clinical studies would help to find the ultimate causes of morbid states in focu

Frequency of Subdural and Epidural Hematoma in Brain Injury Via Computed Tomography in Trauma Center of DHQ Teaching Hospital Sargodha

At least 10 million TBIs serious enough to result in death or hospitalization occur annually. The mortality associated with acute subdural hematoma has been reported to range from 36-79%. Epidural hematoma occurs in approximately 2% of patients with head injuries and 5–15% of patients with fatal head injuries. Both can be caused by fall, motor vehicle crashes, assaults, blasts and sports activities. CT is best modality for diagnosis of brain injury. Objective:To measure the frequency of subdural and epidural hematoma in brain injury via computed tomography in trauma center of DHQ Teaching Hospital Sargodha.Methodology:In this descriptive study, among 137 patients of traumatic brain injury (TBIs) were selected with age and gender discrimination by convenient sampling, at Department of Radiology, DHQ Teaching Hospital Sargodha. Single slice Computed Tomography Toshiba asteion machine was used.Results:Out of 137 patients collected, 35 were females and 102 were males who visited emergency department due to brain Injury. It shows 25.5% were females and males were 74.5%.Out of 137 patients, 63.5% were injured with RTA and 35.8% came with the history of fall. 67.2% patients present with loss of consciousness, 67.9% patients with skull fractures and 73% with swelling. Out of 137 patients 85.4% develop SDH and 14.6% develop EDH. Conclusion:In this study we conclude that male develop larger number of brain injuries than females. Most patients with history of RTA had epidural hematoma. Females most likely develop subdural hematoma. Most patients with brain injury later develop subdural hematoma. Keywords: Subdural Hematoma, Epidural Hematoma, Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI), Road Traffic Accident(RTA) DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/71-01 Publication date: February 29th 202

Amino acids, peptides, and proteins:Implications for nanotechnological applications in biosensing and drug/gene delivery

Over various scientific fields in biochemistry, amino acids have been highlighted in research works. Protein, peptide- and amino acid-based drug delivery systems have proficiently transformed nanotechnology via immense flexibility in their features for attaching various drug molecules and biodegradable polymers. In this regard, novel nanostructures including carbon nanotubes, electrospun carbon nanofibers, gold nanoislands, and metal-based nanoparticles have been introduced as nanosensors for accurate detection of these organic compounds. These nanostructures can bind the biological receptor to the sensor surface and increase the surface area of the working electrode, significantly enhancing the biosensor performance. Interestingly, protein-based nanocarriers have also emerged as useful drug and gene delivery platforms. This is important since, despite recent advancements, there are still biological barriers and other obstacles limiting gene and drug delivery efficacy. Currently available strategies for gene therapy are not cost-effective, and they do not deliver the genetic cargo effectively to target sites. With rapid advancements in nanotechnology, novel gene delivery systems are introduced as nonviral vectors such as protein, peptide, and amino acid-based nanostructures. These nano-based delivery platforms can be tailored into functional transformation using proteins and peptides ligands based nanocarriers, usually overexpressed in the specified diseases. The purpose of this review is to shed light on traditional and nanotechnology-based methods to detect amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Furthermore, new insights into the potential of amino protein-based nanoassemblies for targeted drug delivery or gene transfer are presented

A Review on Strong Impacts of Thermal Stress on Plants Physiology, Agricultural Yield; and Timely Adaptation in Plants to Heat Stress

In this review, we checked the harsh influence of high temperature or heat stress on plant metabolism and crop yield. Plants can bear a minimum range of temperature; temperature more than this optimum range comes in the term of heat stress. Climate changes increase the number and severity of heat waves that reduced the development of plants and resulted in the death of the entire plant. Heat stress is a major stressful environment that destroys plant growth, biochemical reactions, and the yield of crops across the world. High-temperature influences many physiological and chemical reactions in plants. HS is now a big deal for crop production and the essential goal of agriculture is to maintain a high yield of crops. A plant lives in the conditions of high temperature based on its capacity to receive the HT stimulus, generate and change the signal, and then initiate physiological and biochemical changes. The plants show physiological and biochemical responses to heat the stress, is an active area of research. To deal with HT, different molecular techniques are in progress. After thoroughly reviewed of the different discoveries on plants’ responses, adaptation, and forbearance to HT at the cellular, organelles, and entire plant levels, this article described several approaches that could be taken to increase thermo- forbearance in plants

Assesment of polyphenolic compounds against biofilms produced by clinical Acinetobacter baumannii strains using in silico and in vitro models

Several types of microbial infections are caused by Acinetobacter baumanii that has developed resistance to antimicrobial agents. We therefore investigated the role of plant polyphenols against A. baumannii using in silico and in vitro models. The clinical strains of A. baumannii were investigated for determination of resistance pattern and resistance mechanisms including efflux pump, extended spectrum beta lactamase, phenotype detection of AmpC production, and Metallo-β-lactamase. The polyphenolic compounds were docked against transcription regulator BfmR (PDB ID 6BR7) and antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities were performed. The antibiogram studies showed that all isolated strains were resistant. Strain A77 was positive in Metallo-β-lactamase production. Similarly, none of strains were producers of AmpC, however, A77, A76, A75 had active efflux pumps. Molecular docking studies confirmed a strong binding affinity of Rutin and Catechin towards transcription regulator 6BR7. A significant antimicrobial activity was recorded in case of quercetin and syringic acid (MIC 3.1 µg/mL) followed by vanillic acid and caffeic acid (MIC 12.5 µg/mL). All tested compounds presented a strong antibiofilm activity against A. baumanii strain A77 (65 to 90%). It was concluded that all tested polyphenols samples posess antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, and hence they may be utilized to treat multidrug resistance A. baumannii infections

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins: Implications for Nanotechnological Applications in Biosensing and Drug/Gene Delivery

Over various scientific fields in biochemistry, amino acids have been highlighted in research works. Protein, peptide- and amino acid-based drug delivery systems have proficiently transformed nanotechnology via immense flexibility in their features for attaching various drug molecules and biodegradable polymers. In this regard, novel nanostructures including carbon nanotubes, electrospun carbon nanofibers, gold nanoislands, and metal-based nanoparticles have been introduced as nanosensors for accurate detection of these organic compounds. These nanostructures can bind the biological receptor to the sensor surface and increase the surface area of the working electrode, significantly enhancing the biosensor performance. Interestingly, protein-based nanocarriers have also emerged as useful drug and gene delivery platforms. This is important since, despite recent advancements, there are still biological barriers and other obstacles limiting gene and drug delivery efficacy. Currently available strategies for gene therapy are not cost-effective, and they do not deliver the genetic cargo effectively to target sites. With rapid advancements in nanotechnology, novel gene delivery systems are introduced as nonviral vectors such as protein, peptide, and amino acid-based nanostructures. These nano-based delivery platforms can be tailored into functional transformation using proteins and peptides ligands based nanocarriers, usually overexpressed in the specified diseases. The purpose of this review is to shed light on traditional and nanotechnology-based methods to detect amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Furthermore, new insights into the potential of amino protein-based nanoassemblies for targeted drug delivery or gene transfer are presented.(Comunidad de Madrid