İzmir (Bornova) mevkiinde (38 derece 28'N) alınan güneş enerjisi ile fotovoltaik dönüşümlü pompalama yoluyla elde edilen potansiyel enerji arasındaki ilişkilerin arttırılması

KISA ÖZET Bu çalışmada deneme sisteminden elde edilen verilerle, anlık saatlik ve günlük olarak, panele gelen toplam ışınım ile çekilen su arasında ilişki kuruldu. Günlük ilişkiden sağlanan eşitlikle, günlük toplam ışınım ortalamalarından, çekilebilecek su miktarları hesaplandı. Hesaplanan değerler ile seçilen bit kilerin ( Pamuk, mısır, bağ) 1 dekarı için gerekli su miktarları arasında mukayese yapıldı ve her bitki için havuz hacimleri hesaplandı. Yakıtla çalışan motor-pompa sistemiyle, güneş enerjili sistem arasında mukayese yapıldı. ABSTRACT In this investigation j t he relation between the incoming solar energy on the PV panel (371 Wp) and the water output of a given solar submersible pumping system is developed. The results are presented in form o-P Instantaneous, hourly and daily mean^rapha and the equations describing those relations are de-Pined by means o-P regression formula according to the water quantity needed for different typical agricultural pro ducts of the Aegean Region (Cotton, corn and grape), the volume of the water storage in connection with the solar pumping system given has been calculated, using the results of the above mentioned formula.KISA ÖZET Bu çalışmada deneme sisteminden elde edilen verilerle, anlık saatlik ve günlük olarak, panele gelen toplam ışınım ile çekilen su arasında ilişki kuruldu. Günlük ilişkiden sağlanan eşitlikle, günlük toplam ışınım ortalamalarından, çekilebilecek su miktarları hesaplandı. Hesaplanan değerler ile seçilen bit kilerin ( Pamuk, mısır, bağ) 1 dekarı için gerekli su miktarları arasında mukayese yapıldı ve her bitki için havuz hacimleri hesaplandı. Yakıtla çalışan motor-pompa sistemiyle, güneş enerjili sistem arasında mukayese yapıldı. ABSTRACT In this investigation j t he relation between the incoming solar energy on the PV panel (371 Wp) and the water output of a given solar submersible pumping system is developed. The results are presented in form o-P Instantaneous, hourly and daily mean^rapha and the equations describing those relations are de-Pined by means o-P regression formula according to the water quantity needed for different typical agricultural pro ducts of the Aegean Region (Cotton, corn and grape), the volume of the water storage in connection with the solar pumping system given has been calculated, using the results of the above mentioned formul

Proton T1 and T2 relaxivities for CH2 and CH3 peaks in crude oil measured by 400 MHz NMR

Petroleum fluid has been extensively studied at low magnetic fields by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, but high field NMR studies are rarely found in this area. The aim of this study is to determine the proton spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1), T1 relaxivity (R1), proton spin-spin relaxation rate (1/T2) and T2 relaxivity (R2) of paraffinic CH2 and gamma CH3 peaks. For this purpose, crude oil samples were taken from 3 separate wells in the Batman region. Using these samples, 3 different sets were prepared from a mixture of deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) and crude oil. The total volume of each prepared mixture was 1 mL. The crude oil content in each set was changed from 0.05 mL to 0.20 mL in 0.05 mL steps.. Special care has been taken to ensure the best shimming of the NMR spectrometer operating at 400 MHz. T1 measurements were performed using an inversion recovery (IR) pulse sequence. 1/T2 values were determined from the half-height line widths of CH2 and CH3 peaks. 1/T1 and 1/T2 rates and all relaxivities were found to vary from well to well. This change is due to the fluid composition of the wells. The 1/T2 rates and R2 relaxivities were found to be considerably greater than the 1/T1 rates and R1 relaxivities. R2 relaxivities for CH3 were also 2-5 times greater than for CH2.The higher 1/T2 and R2 relaxivities compared with 1/T1 and R1 were attributed to the additional CDCl3-mediated relaxation mechanisms. In conclusion, available data show that high 1/T2 rates and R2 relaxivities measured in the high field NMR laboratory can be applied to separate crude oil from other fluids in the oil field

Estimation of solar radiation using modern methods

WOS:000621220300004It is stated in the present study that extreme learning machines (ELM) will display a greater performance in solar radiation estimation compared to artificial neural networks (ANN). The data acquired from Karaman province during 2010–2018 were used for evaluating the performance of the suggested approach. It was put forth when results were compared that ELM has displayed a greater estimation performance. Moreover, ANN and ELM were tested with different activation functions in order to obtain the best estimation response. While the best estimation result for ANN was obtained with the tansig function as 0.9828, mean square error (MSE) was obtained as 0.000129. The best estimation result for ELM was obtained with the sin function as 0.991 and MSE was calculated as 0.000881. Additionally ELM, training time 0.295 s, test time 0.266 s, MSE time 0.558 s was obtained. ELM displayed a high estimation performance in a very short amount of time. The ELM achieved a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.0297. This algorithm has achieved high accuracy with minimal error. Confidence interval estimations were carried out for the acquired correlation coefficients and the results were compared. ELM estimation performance is better than ANN with 95% confidence interval

Estimation of wind speed data with setar model

The threshold model allows expression with different Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models sorted according to the threshold value of the observations. In this study, nineteen years of observed wind speed data have been modeled with the Self Exciting Threshold Autoregressive (SETAR) model. Two different Autoregressive (AR(3)) models have been obtained for the situation where the wind speed was below and above 2.5 m / s of the previous observation in the time series. In addition, in the SETAR (1,3,3) model, it has been determined that the residual terms have the effect of GARCH (1,1) and a range has been estimated for model predictions