Static and natural frequency investigation of FGP beams considering thermal effects and design parameters

Abstract This study presents a static analysis and natural frequency analysis of functionally graded laminated piezoelectric beams based on the Euler–Bernoulli theory using the finite element method. A simple power law is used to vary all material properties across the thickness, except for Poisson’s ratio. The effect of laminate configuration and volume fraction index on the deflection and natural frequency of beams made of functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPM) is investigated, and the relationship between deflection and different volume fraction indices under thermal, electrical, and mechanical loads is explored. The study shows that there is a certain volume fraction index that maximizes or minimizes deflection. Additionally, the variation of natural frequency in relation to the power law index is examined. The findings of this research are useful for the development of sensors and actuators in different environments, and the appropriate operation point of the structure can be selected based on the behavior of the sensor or actuator of the beam