IDENTIFICACION DE HIDROCARBUROS AROMATICOS POLICICLICOS EN MUESTRAS DE GANADO BOVINO DE LA VEREDA J 10 DEL MUNICIPIO DE TIBU

Los Hidrocarburos Aromáticos Policíclicos (HAP) son compuestos importantes en la determinación de la contaminación atmosférica, producida por la combustión de fuentes móviles, contaminación industrial y la industria petrolera. Los HAP son considerados contaminantes prioritarios por La Agencia de Protección Ambiental de EE.UU (USEPA), debido a sus propiedades carcinogénicas y mutagénicas. Los HAP presentes en los alimentos, representan un riesgo potencial a los consumidores, se asocian fácilmente con la materia particulada. El creciente interés existente en la actualidad por la investigación en el campo de los compuestos orgánicos como los Contaminantes Prioritarios (CP), se debe a la identificación de efectos adversos de estos contaminantes sobre la salud y los ecosistemas. La materia orgánica (HAP) presente en el riñón y el hígado del ganado vacuno de la vereda J10 de Tibu fue extraída por ultra sonido utilizando como solventes de extracción el hexano–diclorometano. La identificación de los HAP se realizó por cromatografía de gases con detector FID, utilizando una columna restek 15 Sil MS. Se logró  identificar la presencia de varios HAP  y de los HAP8, como el fluoranteno, el crisceno y el l benzo (g, h, i) pireno

VALORACIÓN Y CUANTIFICACIÓN DE METALES PESADOS EN CARNE DE CERDO, PESCADO, POLLO Y RES COMERCIALIZADOS EN PAMPLONA NORTE DE SANTANDER

La contaminación por   metales pesados en los  alimentos es uno de los temas de mayor importancia a nivel mundial, estos metales no son biodegradables y  tienden a bioacumularse en el musculo y en las vísceras de los animales lo que constituye un riesgo  para la salud, cuando consumimos estos sub productos adquirimos el  metal que el animal ha acumulado y se  establece  una cadena acumulativa que eleva peligrosamente su concentración.  En el presente estudio se  valoró la presencia de trazas de Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb y Zn en carne bovina, porcina, pollo y  pescado comercializados  en 12 establecimientos  en la plaza de mercado de Pamplona Norte de Santander, los metales fueron  cuantificados por espectroscopia de absorción atómica, utilizando lámparas de cátodo hueco, un  quemador aire-acetileno, se  realizaron análisis de correlación de  Pearson entre los contenidos de Cada metal. En el caso del Cadmio  las concentraciones para este metal superaron los límites permisibles < 0,050 mg/kg. La carne de pescado  obtuvo la mayor concentración de este metal 0,117mg/kg, seguido de la carne de res con 0,109 mg/kg, mientras que la carne de cerdo obtuvo 0,095 mg/kg y  por último la carne de pollo obtuvo  0,079 mg/kg. El contenido de Cu en las diferentes matrices arrojo los siguientes resultados; La  carne  de  pescado 0,343 mg/kg, res 0,306 mg/kg, cerdo 0,243 mg/kg, pollo 0,221 mg/kg. Con respecto a La concentración de  Zn,  la carne de res presentó  mayor contenido  8,35mg/kg. El Mo no fue detectado en ninguna de las muestras

Residuos De Metales Tóxicos En Suelos Agrícolas De Veredas Cercanas A Explotaciones Petroleras En Tibú, Norte De Santander

Soil pollution is a serious environmental problem, involving environmental impacts of human activities on air and water, affecting those places where mineral extraction and concentration activities have developed, as well as industrial processes in which they appear as raw materials and waste. In the Americas, including Colombia, the contamination of soils by heavy metals is becoming increasingly important; From the beginning of this century, the determinations of metal concentrations in soils and pastures, especially cadmium, began to rise. The objective of the present work was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Cd and Pb collected in sidewalks close to oil farms in soils, pastures and waters. The determination of the levels of these metals was performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results were compared with the regulations of the European Union, since Colombia does not have its own regulations to compare the concentrations of these metals in the soil, pasture and animal drink water. The results obtained showed that the concentrations of Cu, Cd and Pb in the Village subject of this research were found above the limits allowed by the European Union, with the exception of Pb in the samples of waters andpastures of these Villages, in which the concentrations were found according to the norm.La contaminación de los suelos debido a las actividades humanas ha tenido repercusiones ambientales graves sobre el aire y las aguas. De igual forma se ven afectados todos aquellos lugares en los que se desarrollan procesos de extracción y concentración de minerales, así como procesos industriales en donde los contaminantes aparecen como materias primas y residuos. En el continente Americano, incluyendo a Colombia, cada vez cobra mayor relevancia la contaminación de suelos por metales pesados; desde comienzos del presente siglo empezaron a tomar auge las determinaciones de las concentraciones de los metales en suelos y pastos, especialmente del cadmio. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las concentraciones de los metales pesados Cu, Cd y Pb en muestras de suelos, pastos y aguas colectados en veredas cercanas a explotaciones petroleras. La determinación de los niveles de esto metales se realizó por espectroscopia de absorción atómica. Actualmente Colombia no cuenta con una normativa que permita comparar las concentraciones de estos metales en el suelo, pastos y aguas de bebida animal, por lo tanto, en el presente estudio se utilizó la normativa de la Unión Europea como referencia. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que las concentraciones de Cu, Cd y Pb, en las veredas objeto de esta investigación, se encontraron por encima de los límites permitidos por la Unión Europea, a excepción del Pb en las muestras de suelo y pasto de estas veredas, en las cuales las concentraciones se encontraron de acuerdo a la norma

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Residuos de metales tóxicos en suelos agrícolas de veredas cercanas a explotaciones petroleras en Tibú, norte de Santander

Soil pollution is a serious environmental problem, involving environmental impacts of human activities on air and water, affecting those places where mineral extraction and concentration activities have developed, as well as industrial processes in which they appear as raw materials and waste. In the Americas, including Colombia, the contamination of soils by heavy metals is becoming increasingly important; From the beginning of this century, the determinations of metal concentrations in soils and pastures, especially cadmium, began to rise. The objective of the present work was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Cd and Pb collected in sidewalks close to oil farms in soils, pastures and waters. The determination of the levels of these metals was performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results were compared with the regulations of the European Union, since Colombia does not have its own regulations to compare the concentrations of these metals in the soil, pasture and animal drink water. The results obtained showed that the concentrations of Cu, Cd and Pb in the Village subject of this research were found above the limits allowed by the European Union, with the exception of Pb in the samples of waters andpastures of these Villages, in which the concentrations were found according to the norm.La contaminación de los suelos debido a las actividades humanas ha tenido repercusiones ambientales graves sobre el aire y las aguas. De igual forma se ven afectados todos aquellos lugares en los que se desarrollan procesos de extracción y concentración de minerales, así como procesos industriales en donde los contaminantes aparecen como materias primas y residuos. En el continente Americano, incluyendo a Colombia, cada vez cobra mayor relevancia la contaminación de suelos por metales pesados; desde comienzos del presente siglo empezaron a tomar auge las determinaciones de las concentraciones de los metales en suelos y pastos, especialmente del cadmio. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las concentraciones de los metales pesados Cu, Cd y Pb en muestras de suelos, pastos y aguas colectados en veredas cercanas a explotaciones petroleras. La determinación de los niveles de esto metales se realizó por espectroscopia de absorción atómica. Actualmente Colombia no cuenta con una normativa que permita comparar las concentraciones de estos metales en el suelo, pastos y aguas de bebida animal, por lo tanto, en el presente estudio se utilizó la normativa de la Unión Europea como referencia. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que las concentraciones de Cu, Cd y Pb, en las veredas objeto de esta investigación, se encontraron por encima de los límites permitidos por la Unión Europea, a excepción del Pb en las muestras de suelo y pasto de estas veredas, en las cuales las concentraciones se encontraron de acuerdo a la norma

The Added Value of Coronary Calcium Score in Predicting Cardiovascular Events in Familial Hypercholesterolemia

International audienceObjectivesThis study aimed at investigating the additional contribution of coronary artery calcium (CAC) score to SAFEHEART (Spanish Familial Hypercholesterolemia Cohort Study) risk equation (SAFEHEART-RE) for cardiovascular risk prediction in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH).BackgroundCommon cardiovascular risk equations are imprecise for HeFH. Because of the high phenotype variability of HeFH, CAC score could help to better stratify the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).MethodsREFERCHOL (French Registry of Familial Hypercholesterolemia) and SAFEHEART are 2 ongoing national registries on HeFH. We analyzed data from primary prevention HeFH patients undergoing CAC quantification. We used probability-weighted Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HRs. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) were used to compare the incremental contribution of CAC score when added to the SAFEHEART-RE for ASCVD prediction. ASCVD was defined as coronary heart disease, stroke or transient ischemic attack, peripheral artery disease, resuscitated sudden death, and cardiovascular death.ResultsWe included 1,624 patients (mean age: 48.5 ± 12.8 years; men: 45.7%) from both registries. After a median follow-up of 2.7 years (interquartile range: 0.4-5.0 years), ASCVD occurred in 81 subjects. The presence of a CAC score of >100 was associated with an HR of 32.05 (95% CI: 10.08-101.94) of developing ASCVD as compared to a CAC score of 0. Receiving-operating curve analysis showed a good performance of CAC score alone in ASCVD prediction (AUC: 0.860 [95% CI: 0.853-0.869]). The addition of log(CAC + 1) to SAFEHEART-RE resulted in a significantly improved prediction of ASCVD (AUC: 0.884 [95% CI: 0.871-0.894] for SAFEHEART-RE + log(CAC + 1) vs AUC: 0.793 [95% CI: 0.779-0.818] for SAFEHEART-RE; P < 0.001). These results were confirmed also when considering only hard cardiovascular endpoints. The addition of CAC score was associated with an estimated overall net reclassification improvement of 45.4%.ConclusionsCAC score proved its use in improving cardiovascular risk stratification and ASCVD prediction in statin-treated HeFH

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

DUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals