Precarious livelihoods at the intersection of fishing and sand mining in Cambodia

Fishing and sand mining in Cambodia may not appear to have much in common. However, digging deeper reveals important parallels. Both fishing and sand mining support livelihoods and are connected to a limited natural resource. Meanwhile, they are both typified by precarious livelihoods, on the one hand, and overexploitation, on the other. In bringing these two topics together, the paper combines empirical qualitative research from two separate studies conducted by the co-authors in Cambodia, one in coastal fishing villages and another in the sand mining industry along the Mekong River. We argue that the interplay between fishing and sand mining has paradoxical impacts on livelihoods, supporting one group while undermining another. Using a precarity analysis lens, we show how an unconventional, and largely invisible frontier of natural resource exploitation—sand mining—is intertwined with fisheries, and expands our understanding of the relationship between precarious labour, environmental change, and livelihoods

Ex vivo expansion and differentiation of erythroblasts: From culture dishes to stirred tank reactors for the production of red blood cells

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Encountering religious diversity : multilevel governance of Islamic education in Finland and Ireland

Recent decades have witnessed a change in European governments’ policies from benign neglect to active management of religious diversity, where Islam is often seen as the most challenging for the European social order. However, the ways that this “management” is justified and undertaken varies from country to country and depends on the issues at hand. This paper will take up the issue of Islamic education in Finland and Ireland where it is incorporated into the public school system and where the state has taken an active role in order to control Islam in the field of education. The main argument of this article is that the “management” of Islamic education in both of the above-mentioned countries is ridden with contradictions arising from the difficulty to balance between an emphasis on particular national traditions, on the one hand, and public policies concerning religious diversity, on the other hand. Theoretically, the article will employ the perspective of multilevel governance which helps to widen the perspective from the state as a primary explanatory to different agents of the civil society in encountering religious diversity.Peer reviewe

Freins et incitations aux adaptations individuelles des habitants

MasterIn the context of climate change, some non-flood-prone areas may become flood-prone in the future. It is therefore relevant to look at the adaptation strategies that people put in place in order to better understand their expectations with regard to the risks that affect them, or that may affect them. During this internship, the goal was to reinforce the individual follow-up of the members of a network of impact observers (ROI), within the framework of the so-ii observatory. The inscription of the adaptations within their life trajectory and the relation to their housing were sought. The problematic was focused on : “How do the adaptations made by ROI’s members fit into their life trajectory?” This work was based on a qualitative methodology, focusing on initial hypotheses, in order to conduct semi-structured interviews with the residents of the ROI. The causes of floods are multiple. Faced with them, society must establish an acceptable representation of the flood risk in order to live with it. But how? Residents of a flood-prone area will have to adapt their practices, their lifestyles, their daily lives. The data collected showed that after having experienced a flood, the inhabitants have adapted by developing structural and organizational actions in front of this risk in order not to “live with it” on a daily basis. For this, individuals also tend to minimize the damage that floods can cause and to ignore the « personal » risk in favor of the « general » one. Thanks to these adaptive strategies, a distance is created and the flood risk would not become a « catastrophe » that would push populations to leave their place of life to which they are attached. The experience of a flood makes it possible to develop a culture of risk among the inhabitants of the ROI network.Dans le contexte du changement climatique, certaines zones non inondables pourraient le devenir dans l’avenir. Il est donc pertinent de s’intéresser aux stratégies d’adaptation que les individus mettent en place afin d’appréhender aux mieux leurs attentes vis-à-vis des risques qui les touchent, ou qui peuvent les toucher. Au sein de ce stage, l’objectif est de renforcer le suivi individuel des membres d’un réseau d’observateurs d’impacts (ROI), dans le cadre de l’observatoire so-ii. L’inscription des adaptations au sein de leur trajectoire de vie et la relation à leur logement ont été recherchés. La problématique s’est portée sur : “En quoi les adaptations réalisées par les membres du réseau ROI s’inscrivent dans leur trajectoire de vie ?” Ce travail s’est basé sur une méthodologie qualitative, en s’appuyant sur des hypothèses de départ, afin de mener des entretiens semi-directifs auprès des habitants du réseau ROI. Les causes des inondations sont multiples. Face à celles-ci, la société doit construire une représentation acceptable du risque inondation afin de vivre avec. Mais comment ? Les résidents d’une zone inondable doivent, pour cela, adapter leurs pratiques, leurs modes de vies, leurs quotidiens. Les données récoltées ont montré qu’après avoir vécu une inondation, les habitants se sont adaptés en développant des actions structurelles et organisationnelles face à ce risque afin de ne pas “vivre avec” au quotidien. Pour cela, les individus ont également tendance à minimiser les dégâts que peuvent engendrer les inondations et à ignorer le risque “personnel” à l’avantage de celui “général”. Grâce à ces stratégies adaptatives, une distance se crée et le risque inondation ne deviendrait donc pas une “catastrophe” qui les pousserait à partir de leur lieu de vie auquel ils sont attachés. L’expérience d’une inondation permet de développer une culture du risque chez les habitants du réseau ROI

Freins et incitations aux adaptations individuelles des habitants

MasterIn the context of climate change, some non-flood-prone areas may become flood-prone in the future. It is therefore relevant to look at the adaptation strategies that people put in place in order to better understand their expectations with regard to the risks that affect them, or that may affect them. During this internship, the goal was to reinforce the individual follow-up of the members of a network of impact observers (ROI), within the framework of the so-ii observatory. The inscription of the adaptations within their life trajectory and the relation to their housing were sought. The problematic was focused on : “How do the adaptations made by ROI’s members fit into their life trajectory?” This work was based on a qualitative methodology, focusing on initial hypotheses, in order to conduct semi-structured interviews with the residents of the ROI. The causes of floods are multiple. Faced with them, society must establish an acceptable representation of the flood risk in order to live with it. But how? Residents of a flood-prone area will have to adapt their practices, their lifestyles, their daily lives. The data collected showed that after having experienced a flood, the inhabitants have adapted by developing structural and organizational actions in front of this risk in order not to “live with it” on a daily basis. For this, individuals also tend to minimize the damage that floods can cause and to ignore the « personal » risk in favor of the « general » one. Thanks to these adaptive strategies, a distance is created and the flood risk would not become a « catastrophe » that would push populations to leave their place of life to which they are attached. The experience of a flood makes it possible to develop a culture of risk among the inhabitants of the ROI network.Dans le contexte du changement climatique, certaines zones non inondables pourraient le devenir dans l’avenir. Il est donc pertinent de s’intéresser aux stratégies d’adaptation que les individus mettent en place afin d’appréhender aux mieux leurs attentes vis-à-vis des risques qui les touchent, ou qui peuvent les toucher. Au sein de ce stage, l’objectif est de renforcer le suivi individuel des membres d’un réseau d’observateurs d’impacts (ROI), dans le cadre de l’observatoire so-ii. L’inscription des adaptations au sein de leur trajectoire de vie et la relation à leur logement ont été recherchés. La problématique s’est portée sur : “En quoi les adaptations réalisées par les membres du réseau ROI s’inscrivent dans leur trajectoire de vie ?” Ce travail s’est basé sur une méthodologie qualitative, en s’appuyant sur des hypothèses de départ, afin de mener des entretiens semi-directifs auprès des habitants du réseau ROI. Les causes des inondations sont multiples. Face à celles-ci, la société doit construire une représentation acceptable du risque inondation afin de vivre avec. Mais comment ? Les résidents d’une zone inondable doivent, pour cela, adapter leurs pratiques, leurs modes de vies, leurs quotidiens. Les données récoltées ont montré qu’après avoir vécu une inondation, les habitants se sont adaptés en développant des actions structurelles et organisationnelles face à ce risque afin de ne pas “vivre avec” au quotidien. Pour cela, les individus ont également tendance à minimiser les dégâts que peuvent engendrer les inondations et à ignorer le risque “personnel” à l’avantage de celui “général”. Grâce à ces stratégies adaptatives, une distance se crée et le risque inondation ne deviendrait donc pas une “catastrophe” qui les pousserait à partir de leur lieu de vie auquel ils sont attachés. L’expérience d’une inondation permet de développer une culture du risque chez les habitants du réseau ROI