Prevalence of hypothyroidism in reproductive age group in rural population of Haryana and its effects on menstrual disturbances

Background: Menstrual disorders are a common problem in reproductive age females. These disorders may cause significant anxiety for patients and their families. Thyroid dysfunction is one of the common cause of menstrual irregularities. Aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in reproductive age group women (15-45years), describe its various modes of clinical presentation and to assess the menstrual pattern in women with hypothyroidism.Methods: Prospective observational hospital based study during a period of 6 months (January 2020 to June 2020) on patients presenting in OPD in department of obstetrics and gynaecology, SGT medical college, hospital and research institute, Budhera, Gurgaon.Results: Prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be 52.6% (190 out of total 338 patients) and it increased with increasing age group. 213 patients out of total came with complains of menstrual irregularities. 49.2% with normal menstrual cycle had hypothyroidism while 60.4% presenting with irregular heavy menstrual bleeding had hypothyroidism, p value being 0.019 which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Menstrual irregularities increase with severity of hypothyroidism. So screening for thyroid dysfunction should be included in management plan of menstrual disturbances

Applications of Infrared Thermography for Non-destructive Characterization of Concrete Structures

Usage of reinforced concrete structures has very long tradition in infrastructure industry due to their low cost, high strength, robustness, sustainability along with the easy availability of raw materials. However, they also have some drawbacks such as poor tensile strength and ductility, which leads to the formation of cracks in the structures. These cracks may cause penetration of chlorides, resulting into corrosion in the reinforcement. Quality control, maintenance and planning for the restoration of these structures demands a suitable non-destructive testing and evaluation method for wide-area monitoring to detect the hidden corrosion of the rebar at an early stage. Infrared thermal wave imaging has emerged as a viable technique for non-destructive testing and evaluation of reinforced concrete structures due to its full-field, remote, fast inspection capabilities to monitor the sub-surface rebar corrosion. Among the various thermal non-destructive testing techniques the present chapter proposes a novel aperiodic thermal wave imaging technique named as Gaussian windowed frequency modulated thermal wave imaging for testing and evaluation of rebar corrosion in concrete structures

Urinary tract infection in women of rural population of Haryana: a rising problem

Background: The study was aimed to understand the clinico-pathological characteristics of urinary tract infection along with the techniques used in diagnosis and treatment of the presenting infection. The study takes into consideration the various risk factors such as age, marital, socioeconomic status which influences the risk of having UTI.Methods: The study was conducted in Adesh Medical College, Mohri district. A questionnaire was prepared in accordance to evaluate risk factors of urinary tract infection. The patients under study were chosen according to specific inclusion criteria. The patients presenting with symptoms of UTI were subjected to examination and then urine culture and sensitivity test. The uropathogens were isolated with the help of biochemical testing.Results: Out of 500 women who atteneded gynae opd of Adesh Medical College, Mohri district were taken into study out of 500 patients 296 patients showed positive culture. UTI was found more in married females which were illiterate and belonged to low socioeconomic group. E.coli was the most common organism which was cultured. E.coli (55%) was found to be the most prevalent organism followed by Klebsiella.Conclusions: UTIs are some of the most common bacterial infections in women. Women with UTI need to be properly investigated by urinalysis and urine culture. Marital status, socioeconomic status has high impact on the lifetime risk for UTI. E.coli was found to be the most common cause of UTI in all the age groups

Fetomaternal outcome in high-risk parturients receiving epidural analgesia using fentanyl with ropivacaine versus iv tramadol: a comparative study

Background: Labour analgesia has been recommended but sufficient data on use of labour epidural analgesia with ropivacaine and fentanyl combination during labour is not available.Methods: A comparative study was conducted on 40 high risk labouring partuirents, randomly allocated to group A (iv tramadol) and group B (epidural analgesia with ropivacaine plus fentanyl). Assessments were done for fetal heart rate abnormality, mode of delivery, duration of labour, and Apgar score. The VAS score, patient satisfaction score, and complications were recorded.Results: Group A had more number of instrumental deliveries compared to group B, the later had higher number of caesarean sections. No difference was observed in vaginal deliveries in both the groups. Pain relief was significant in patients of epidural group. The neonatal outcome was same in both the groups. Significant number of patients had a higher degree of satisfaction score in group B compared to group A.Conclusions: Tramadol and epidural analgesia in labour are safe and effective. Patient satisfaction is significantly higher in epidural group as compared to the tramadol group

Prevalence of dental caries, periodontitis, and oral hygiene status among 12-year-old schoolchildren having normal occlusion and malocclusion in Mathura city: A comparative epidemiological study

Objective: The aim was to find the prevalence of dental caries, periodontitis, and oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S) among 12-year schoolchildren having normal occlusion and malocclusion in Mathura city. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study done among the 100 subjects who have been selected from 5 schools in four different geographical locations. The data regarding their socio-demographic characteristics, dental caries status, periodontitis status and oral hygiene status was collected using structured proforma. Means, standard deviations and test of significant were used as statistics to describe the data. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between dental caries status, periodontitis status among subjects having normal occlusion and malocclusion (P = 0.06, 0.093) but significant relationship was found OHI-S and children who were having malocclusion (and P = 0.022). Significant difference was also found between periodontitis and oral hygiene status (P = 0.00). Conclusion: It was observed from the present study that normal occlusion and malocclusion had no or weak significant effect on overall caries and periodontitis prevalence whereas oral hygiene status had a strong effect on overall periodontitis prevalence but not in relation to prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-old school children in Mathura city

Portwine stain with nodular thickening and intraoral hemangioma

Vascular anomalies are a heterogeneous group of congenital blood vessel disorders more typically referred to as “birthmarks.” They are further categorized into vascular tumors and malformations, which are again subdivided into various types based on specific morphology, pathophysiology, clinical behavior and management of particular entity. Hemangiomas are the most common vascular tumors. Lymphatic, capillary, venous and arteriovenous malformations are the main subdivisions under the heading of vascular malformations. This paper discusses a case of co-occurrence of portwine stain with intraoral hemangioma

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sterilization protocol among undergraduate dental students in Faridabad City: A questionnaire-based study

Aim: To assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sterilization/infection control measures among undergraduate dental students. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 dental students from Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana participated in this study. A questionnaire survey comprising 24 questions regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices was completed by the participants. Results: It was observed that a majority of the students were highly concerned regarding the sterilization and infection control protocol. 96.9% students dispose of their gloves after use. About 89% are aware of the exact specifications of sterilization via autoclave. Use of mouth masks and head caps as effective infection control measures was practiced among 82.4% students. A large fraction of students comprising about 85% believed that proper sterilization could not be achieved by simple boiling of instruments. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and attitude of sterilization measures were acceptable, although compliance and practice of the same needs to be more worked upon

Dentofacial characteristics in William's syndrome

William's syndrome is a chromosomal disorder characterized by multisystem, congenital and panethnic occurrence, characterized by a number of developmental and physical abnormalities. This case report describes the dental management of a 10-year-old male patient with William's syndrome who had multiple dental problems such as caries, periodontal disease and malocclusion