Immunosuppressive effect of medicinal plants of Kolli hills on mitogen-stimulated proliferation of the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro

Four medicinal plant species were collected from the Kolli hills of Tamil Nadu and were screened for their immunosuppressive effect. The plants were shade dried and extracted with methanol. The crude methanol extracts were tested for inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation via lymphocyte proliferation assay by 3thymidine uptake. The test plants were Justicia gendarussa   , Plumbago indica   , Aloe vera   , and Aegle marmelos   . Among the plants tested J. gendarussa (100 µg/ml) showed the highest lymphocyte inhibition (84%). Sequential extraction of J. gendarussa in various solvents (n-hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, and water) confirmed that all of the above extracts at 50 µg/ml, aqueous extract inhibited lymphocyte proliferation. Further, 17 high performance liquid chromatography fractions were collected for the aqueous extract and fraction no. 15 showed maximum inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. The present study indicates that these extracts should be investigated further for the possible presence of immunosuppressive components

Optimizing the fermentation conditions and enhanced production of keratinase from Bacillus cereus isolated from halophilic environment

Keratinase degrading Bacillus cereus was isolated from the halophilic environment in Tamilnadu, India and keratinase production was optimized using wheat bran substrate. Of the screened bacterial isolates, four were found to have the ability to produce keratinolytic enzyme. The process parameters were optimized using one-variable-at-a-time approach and response surface methodology. Supplementation of 1% lactose supported more keratinase production (120 U/g). Among the selected nitrogen sources, addition of casein significantly enhanced maximum keratinase production (132.5 U/g). Among the ions, manganese chloride significantly enhanced keratinsase production (102.6 U/g), however addition of zinc sulphate and copper sulphate decreased keratinase production. The maximum keratinase production was obtained in the wheat bran medium containing 1% lactose, 0.5% manganese with 80% moisture (292 U/g). Statistics based contour plots were generated to explore the variations in the response surface and to find the relationship between the keratinase yield and the bioprocess conditions. Keywords: Bacillus cereus, Kerainase, Response surface methodology, Halophili

Rapid green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Chrysanthemum indicum L and its antibacterial and cytotoxic effects: an in vitro study

Selvaraj Arokiyaraj,1 Mariadhas Valan Arasu,2 Savariar Vincent,3 Nyayirukannaian Udaya Prakash,4 Seong Ho Choi,5 Young-Kyoon Oh,1 Ki Choon Choi,2 Kyoung Hoon Kim1,61Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea; 2Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea; 3Center for Environmental Research and Development, Loyola College, Chennai, India; 4Research and Development, Vel Tech Dr RR and Dr SR Technical University, Chennai, India; 5Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; 6Department of Animal Science, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of KoreaAbstract: The present work reports a simple, cost-effective, and ecofriendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Chrysanthemum indicum and its antibacterial and cytotoxic effects. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by color change, and it was further characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (435 nm). The phytochemical screening of C. indicum revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides, suggesting that these compounds act as reducing and stabilizing agents. The crystalline nature of the synthesized particles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, as they exhibited face-centered cubic symmetry. The size and morphology of the particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, which showed spherical shapes and sizes that ranged between 37.71–71.99 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy documented the presence of silver. The antimicrobial effect of the synthesized AgNPs revealed a significant effect against the bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, cytotoxic assays showed no toxicity of AgNPs toward 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblast cells (25 µg/mL); hence, these particles were safe to use.Keywords: antibacterial activity, Chrysanthemum indicum, green synthesis, silver nanoparticle, cytotoxi

Hibiscus cannabinus seeds assisted spherical silver nanoparticles and its antibacterial and photocatalytic applications

Green nanomaterial manufacture limits hazardous substances and encourages noxious-free environments. The fields of photocatalysis and antibacterial resistance are more promising because of their chemical reductants and sterile environments. Here, we used Hibiscus Cannabinus seed as a bio source and developed a simple, environmentally friendly approach for the biosynthesis of AgNPs. Researchers and scientists have recently shown a strong interest in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles due to their ease, eco-friendliness, non-toxicity, low cost, and ability to function as an antibacterial agent. Research goals include producing environmentally friendly, bacteriocidal, and photocatalytic dye removal products that can be applied to biomedical and water reuse applications. In this paper, we have reported spherical-shaped silver nanoparticles synthesized from Hibiscus cannabinus seeds and their characterization by X-ray Diffraction method, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Micrograph. The surface functionalization of prepared silver particles by phenolic compounds in Hibiscus cannabinus seeds enhances antibacterial activity. Both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are inhibited by the prepared silver nanoparticles. By preparing silver nanoparticles at a significantly higher extract concentration, we were able to obtain effective and increased bactericidal activity. The photocatalytic degradation of congo red by prepared silver particles was studied under 150 min of UV light irradiation. The produced silver nanoparticles' structural, optical, morphological, compositional, and bactericidal activity are all shown to be dependent on the concentration of Hibiscus cannabinus seeds extract that is attached to the silver surface

Biodiesel production from Ulva linza, Ulva tubulosa, Ulva fasciata, Ulva rigida, Ulva reticulate by using Mn2ZnO4 heterogenous nanocatalysts

10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115744Fuel255115744-11574