187 research outputs found
Unsupervised hyperspectral data mining and bioimaging by information entropy and self-modeling curve resolution
Unsupervised estimation of the dimensionality of hyperspectral
microspectroscopy datasets containing pure and mixed spectral features, and
extraction of their representative endmember spectra, remains a challenge in
biochemical data mining. We report a new versatile algorithm building on
semi-nonnegativity constrained self-modeling curve resolution and information
entropy, to estimate the quantity of separable biochemical species from
hyperspectral microspectroscopy, and extraction of their representative
spectra. The algorithm is benchmarked with established methods from satellite
remote sensing, spectral unmixing, and clustering. To demonstrate the
widespread applicability of the developed algorithm, we collected hyperspectral
datasets using spontaneous Raman, Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering and
Fourier Transform IR, of seven reference compounds, an oil-in-water emulsion,
and tissue-engineered extracellular matrices on poly-L-lactic acid and porcine
jejunum-derived small intestine submucosa scaffolds seeded with bovine
chondrocytes. We show the potential of the developed algorithm by consolidating
hyperspectral molecular information with sample microstructure, pertinent to
fields ranging from gastrophysics to regenerative medicine
Dietary polyacetylenic oxylipins falcarinol and falcarindiol prevent inflammation and colorectal neoplastic transformation:A mechanistic and dose-response study in a rat model
Falcarinol (FaOH) and falcarindiol (FaDOH) are cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory polyacetylenic oxylipins, which are commonly found in the carrot family (Apiaceae). FaOH and FaDOH have previously demonstrated a chemopreventive effect on precursor lesions of colorectal cancer (CRC) in azoxymethane (AOM)-induced rats. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate possible mechanisms of action for the preventive effect of FaOH and FaDOH on colorectal precancerous lesions and to determine how this effect was dependent on dose. Gene expression studies performed by RT-qPCR of selected cancer biomarkers in tissue from biopsies of neoplastic tissue revealed that FaOH and FaDOH downregulated NF-κβ and its downstream inflammatory markers TNFα, IL-6, and COX-2. The dose-dependent anti-neoplastic effect of FaOH and FaDOH in AOM-induced rats was investigated in groups of 20 rats receiving a standard rat diet (SRD) supplemented with 0.16, 0.48, 1.4, 7 or 35 µg FaOH and FaDOH g−1 feed in the ratio 1:1 and 20 rats were controls receiving only SRD. Analysis of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) showed that the average number of small ACF (<7 crypts) and large ACF (>7 crypts) decreased with increasing dose of FaOH and FaDOH and that this inhibitory effect on early neoplastic formation of ACF was dose-dependent, which was also the case for the total number of macroscopic neoplasms. The CRC protective effects of apiaceous vegetables are mainly due to the inhibitory effect of FaOH and FaDOH on NF-κB and its downstream inflammatory markers, especially COX-2
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