Sec-containing TrxR1 is essential for self-sufficiency of cells by control of glucose-derived H₂O₂.

It is commonly recognized that diabetic complications involve increased oxidative stress directly triggered by hyperglycemia. The most important cellular protective systems against such oxidative stress have yet remained unclear. Here we show that the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), encoded by the Txnrd1 gene, is an essential enzyme for such protection. Individually grown Txnrd1 knockout (Txnrd1(-/-)) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) underwent massive cell death directly linked to glucose-induced H2O2 production. This death and excessive H2O2 levels could be reverted by reconstituted expression of selenocysteine (Sec)-containing TrxR1, but not by expression of Sec-devoid variants of the enzyme. Our results show that Sec-containing TrxR1 is absolutely required for self-sufficient growth of MEFs under high-glucose conditions, owing to an essential importance of this enzyme for elimination of glucose-derived H2O2. To our knowledge, this is the first time a strict Sec-dependent function of TrxR1 has been identified as being essential for mammalian cells

Indolin-2-one compounds targeting thioredoxin reductase as potential anticancer drug leads

10.18632/oncotarget.9579Oncotarget72640233-4025

Selenium utilization by GPX4 was an evolutionary requirement to prevent hydroperoxide-induced ferroptosis

none17noneIngold, Irina; Berndt, Carsten; Schmitt, Sabine; Doll, Sebastian; Poschmann, Gereon; Roveri, Antonella; Peng, Xiaoxiao; Freitas, Florencio Porto; Aichler, Michaela; Jastroch, Martin; Ursini, Fulvio; Arnér, Elias S. J.; Fradejas-Villar, Noelia; Schweizer, Ulrich; Zischka, Hans; Angeli, Josè Pedro Friedmann; Conrad, MarcusIngold, Irina; Berndt, Carsten; Schmitt, Sabine; Doll, Sebastian; Poschmann, Gereon; Roveri, Antonella; Peng, Xiaoxiao; Freitas, Florencio Porto; Aichler, Michaela; Jastroch, Martin; Ursini, Fulvio; Arnér, Elias S. J.; Fradejas-Villar, Noelia; Schweizer, Ulrich; Zischka, Hans; Angeli, Josè Pedro Friedmann; Conrad, Marcu