Chemical characterization of a new Japanese variant of carbonic anhydrase I, CA I Nagasaki 1 (76 Arg→Gln)

A new inherited variant of carbonic anhydrase I (CA I), designated CA I Nagasaki 1 (CA I NGS 1 ), was discovered during a survey of hemolysates from 5852 individuals from the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. Analysis of the amino acid composition of a tryptic peptide from the CA I NGS 1 variant indicated that a glutaminyl residue was substituted for an arginyl residue at position 76. Heat degradation studies showed that the CA I NGS 1 variant was less stable than normal CA I. The CO 2 hydrase and esterase activities of the normal and variant carbonic anhydrases I, as well as the relative amounts of the two enzymes in heterozygotes, were similar.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44132/1/10528_2004_Article_BF00498883.pd

The amino acid substitution and some chemical properties of a variant human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase: Carbonic anhydrase Id Michigan

Carbonic anhydrase Id Michigan , an electrophoretic variant of human red cell carbonic anhydrase I, was purified from erythrocytes obtained from an individual heterozygous for the trait. Primary structural analysis indicates that a lysine residue has exchanged for a threonine residue in the variant enzyme. After isolation, there was approximately 1.8 times as much normal as variant enzyme. Thermostability studies demonstrated that carbonic anhydrase Id was more thermolabile than the normal enzyme. The normal and variant enzymes showed no differences in specific carboxylesterase activity or CO 2 hydratase activity. Utilizing the carboxylesterase activity toward β-naphthyl acetate, the normal and variant enzymes had similar Michaelis constants, p H profiles, and rates of inhibition by acetazolamide. Immunochemical studies did not demonstrate an antigenic difference for the variant enzyme.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44117/1/10528_2004_Article_BF00486517.pd

ATHENA detector proposal - a totally hermetic electron nucleus apparatus proposed for IP6 at the Electron-Ion Collider

ATHENA has been designed as a general purpose detector capable of delivering the full scientific scope of the Electron-Ion Collider. Careful technology choices provide fine tracking and momentum resolution, high performance electromagnetic and hadronic calorimetry, hadron identification over a wide kinematic range, and near-complete hermeticity.This article describes the detector design and its expected performance in the most relevant physics channels. It includes an evaluation of detector technology choices, the technical challenges to realizing the detector and the R&D required to meet those challenges