DIREITOS HUMANOS, DIVERSIDADE CULTURAL E O ENSINO RELIGIOSO

Religious Education contributes to the discussion about the diversity of religious manifestations at school in light of current legislation. The secularity of the State indicates that it is not an atheist State and must guarantee religious expression, without proselytism and with respect for Human Rights and constitutional guarantees. The National Curricular Guidelines define one of the objectives of Religious Education: to provide knowledge about the right to freedom of conscience and belief, with the constant purpose of promoting Human Rights, offering guidance for citizenship formation, as a pedagogical subsidy for the debate mediated by the Religious Education educator, on the limits of tolerance and intolerance. The article presents a brief overview of the legislation for the discipline based on the conception of the secularity of the State, in the educational field. Its objective is to demonstrate that a secular State is not an atheist State and must guarantee religious expression, without proselytism and with respect for human rights in a scenario of religious diversity. Methodology: documentary review about national legislation regarding the subject of Religious Education in the secular country in which we live.La Educación Religiosa contribuye a la discusión sobre la diversidad de manifestaciones religiosas en la escuela a la luz de la legislación vigente. La laicidad del Estado indica que no es un Estado ateo y debe garantizar la expresión religiosa, sin proselitismo y con respeto a los Derechos Humanos y las garantías constitucionales. Los Lineamientos Curriculares Nacionales definen uno de los objetivos de la Educación Religiosa: brindar conocimiento sobre el derecho a la libertad de conciencia y de creencias, con el propósito constante de promover los Derechos Humanos, ofreciendo orientación para la formación de la ciudadanía, como subsidio pedagógico para el debate mediado por el educador de Educación Religiosa, sobre los límites de la tolerancia y la intolerancia. El artículo presenta un breve panorama de la legislación para la disciplina basada en la concepción de la laicidad del Estado, en el ámbito educativo. Su objetivo es demostrar que un Estado laico no es un Estado ateo y debe garantizar la expresión religiosa, sin proselitismo y con respeto a los derechos humanos en un escenario de diversidad religiosa. Metodología: revisión documental sobre la legislación nacional en materia de Educación Religiosa en el país laico en el que vivimos.O Ensino Religioso contribui para a discussão sobre a diversidade das manifestações religiosas na escola diante da legislação vigente. A laicidade do Estado indica ele não é um Estado ateu e deve garantir a expressão religiosa, sem proselitismo e com respeito aos Direitos Humanos e às garantias constitucionais. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais definem um dos objetivos do Ensino Religioso: proporcionar conhecimentos sobre o direito à liberdade de consciência e de crença, no constante propósito de promoção dos Direitos Humanos, ofertando a orientação para a formação cidadã, como subsídio pedagógico para o debate mediado pelo educador do Ensino Religioso, sobre os limites da tolerância e da intolerância. O artigo apresenta um breve panorama da legislação para a disciplina a partir da concepção da laicidade do Estado, no campo educacional. Seu objetivo é demonstrar que um Estado laico não é um Estado ateu e deve garantir a expressão religiosa, sem proselitismo e com respeito aos DH em um cenário de diversidade religiosa. Metodologia: revisão documental acerca da legislação nacional no que tange à disciplina Ensino Religioso no país laico em que vivemos.O Ensino Religioso contribui para a discussão sobre a diversidade das manifestações religiosas na escola diante da legislação vigente. A laicidade do Estado indica ele não é um Estado ateu e deve garantir a expressão religiosa, sem proselitismo e com respeito aos Direitos Humanos e às garantias constitucionais. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais definem um dos objetivos do Ensino Religioso: proporcionar conhecimentos sobre o direito à liberdade de consciência e de crença, no constante propósito de promoção dos Direitos Humanos, ofertando a orientação para a formação cidadã, como subsídio pedagógico para o debate mediado pelo educador do Ensino Religioso, sobre os limites da tolerância e da intolerância. O artigo apresenta um breve panorama da legislação para a disciplina a partir da concepção da laicidade do Estado, no campo educacional. Seu objetivo é demonstrar que um Estado laico não é um Estado ateu e deve garantir a expressão religiosa, sem proselitismo e com respeito aos DH em um cenário de diversidade religiosa. Metodologia: revisão documental acerca da legislação nacional no que tange à disciplina Ensino Religioso no país laico em que vivemos

From PEF to PBF: what difference does the longer alkyl chain make a computational spectroscopy study of poly (butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)

This work explores the conformational preferences and the structureproperty correlations of poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF), a longer chain analogue of the most well-known biobased polyester from the furan family, poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF). A thorough computational spectroscopic study–including infrared, Raman and inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy, combined with discrete and periodic density functional theory calculations–allowed the identification of dominant structural motifs in the amorphous and crystalline regions. Discrete calculations and vibrational spectroscopy of semi-crystalline and amorphous samples strongly support the predominance of gauche, trans, gauche conformations of the butylene glycol fragment in both the crystalline and amorphous domains. In what concerns the furandicarboxylate fragment, amorphous domains are dominated by syn,syn conformations, while in the crystalline domains the anti,anti forms prevail. A possible crystalline structure–built from these conformational preferences and including a network of C-H···O hydrogen bond contacts—was optimized using periodic density functional theory. This proposed crystal structure avoids the unrealistic structural features of the previously proposed X-ray structure, provides an excellent description of the inelastic neutron scattering spectrum of the semi-crystalline form, and allows the correlation between microscopic structure and macroscopic properties of the polymer.publishe

Pullulan microneedle patches for the efficient transdermal administration of insulin envisioning diabetes treatment

The present study reports the fabrication of dissolvable microneedle (MN) patches using pullulan (PL), a water-soluble polysaccharide with excellent film-forming ability, for the transdermal administration of insulin, envisioning the non-invasive treatment of diabetes. PL MNs patches were successfully prepared by micromoulding and revealed good thermal stability (Tdmax = 294 °C) and mechanical properties (>0.15 N needle-1), penetrating skin up to 381 μm depth, as revealed by in vitro skin tests. After application into human abdominal skin in vitro, the MNs dissolved within 2 h releasing up to 87% of insulin. When stored at 4, 20 and 40 °C for 4 weeks, insulin was able to retain its secondary structure, as shown by circular dichroism spectropolarimetry. The prepared PL MNs were non-cytotoxic towards human keratinocytes, being suitable for skin application. These findings suggest that PL MNs have potential to deliver insulin transdermally, thus avoiding its subcutaneous administration.publishe

A LIBRAS COMO PONTE PARA A INCLUSÃO SOCIAL E EDUCACIONAL NAS ESCOLAS INDÍGENAS: DESAFIOS E OPORTUNIDADES

O objetivo deste artigo é explorar o papel da Libras (Língua Brasileira de Sinais) como meio de promover a inclusão social e educacional em escolas indígenas. Nos últimos anos, tem sido cada vez mais reconhecida a importância de proporcionar igualdade de oportunidades educacionais para todos os estudantes, incluindo aqueles com deficiências ou barreiras de comunicação. No entanto, as comunidades indígenas ainda enfrentam inúmeros desafios em sua busca por uma educação inclusiva. Este artigo examina o potencial da Libras como ferramenta para superar a lacuna entre estudantes indígenas com deficiências auditivas e seus colegas, professores e a comunidade em geral. Ao examinar os desafios e oportunidades atuais, torna-se evidente que a implementação da Libras em escolas indígenas pode aprimorar a experiência educacional e promover a integração social entre todos os estudantes. No entanto, obstáculos como recursos limitados, sensibilidade cultural e desenvolvimento profissional precisam ser abordados para garantir a implementação bem-sucedida da Libras em ambientes educacionais indígenas. Este artigo destaca a importância de reconhecer a diversidade linguística e cultural nas comunidades indígenas e oferece recomendações para formuladores de políticas, educadores e partes interessadas relevantes para promover práticas educacionais inclusivas por meio do uso da Libras. Em última análise, a integração bem-sucedida da Libras pode contribuir significativamente para a inclusão social e educacional dos estudantes indígenas na sociedade em geral.https://revistaft.com.br/a-libras-como-ponte-para-a-inclusao-social-e-educacional-nas-escolas-indigenas-desafios-e-oportunidades

Understanding the Structure and Dynamics of Nanocellulose-Based Composites with Neutral and Ionic Poly(methacrylate) Derivatives Using Inelastic Neutron Scattering and DFT Calculations

Bacterial nanocellulose (BC)-based composites containing poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), poly(methacroylcholine chloride) (PMACC) or poly(methacroylcholine hydroxide) (PMACH) were characterized by inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectroscopy, combined with DFT (density functional theory) calculations of model systems. A reasonable match between calculated and experimental spectral lines and their intensities was used to support the vibrational assignment of the observed bands and to validate the possible structures. The differences between the spectra of the nanocomposites and the pure precursors indicate that interactions between the components are stronger for the ionic poly(methacrylate) derivatives than for the neutral counterpart. Displaced anions interact differently with cellulose chains, due to the different ability to compete with the O–H···O hydrogen bonds in cellulose. Hence, the INS is an adequate technique to delve deeper into the structure and dynamics of nanocellulose-based composites, confirming that they are true nanocomposite materials instead of simple mixtures of totally independent domains

A Base Nacional Comum Curricular (Bncc) Sob Uma Perspectiva Crítica: Uma Análise Gramsciana

<p>Este artigo propõe uma análise crítica da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) à luz da teoria gramsciana, fundamentada na obra de Antonio Gramsci. A BNCC, enquanto instrumento normativo de caráter pedagógico, assume uma posição central no contexto educacional brasileiro, influenciando diretamente a prática docente e a construção da cultura escolar. Por meio do referencial teórico gramsciano, examinamos a BNCC como um elemento de disputa pela hegemonia cultural, destacando as relações de poder que permeiam a sua elaboração e implementação. A abordagem gramsciana oferece insights valiosos para compreender as contradições inerentes à BNCC, especialmente no que tange à conciliação entre a necessidade de homogeneização curricular e a valorização da diversidade cultural e regional. Além disso, a análise revela os desafios práticos enfrentados na efetivação da BNCC, como a formação docente, a alocação de recursos e os métodos de avaliação. O artigo também discute as possibilidades de resistência e transformação, ressaltando o papel ativo dos educadores na interpretação e adaptação da BNCC em seus contextos específicos. Esta pesquisa contribui para o debate acadêmico sobre a BNCC, oferecendo uma perspectiva crítica embasada na teoria gramsciana, e destaca a importância de uma abordagem reflexiva e contextualizada na interpretação e aplicação das políticas educacionais. </p&gt

Bioprospecting for lipophilic-like components of five Phaeophyta macroalgae from the Portuguese coast

Lipophilic compounds present in dichloromethane extracts of five brown macroalgae from the Portuguese coast were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Their dicarboxylic acids, long-chain aliphatic alcohols, and monoglyceride profile are reported for the first time. Additionally, other new compounds were also first reported: 24-methylene-cholesterol in Himanthalia elongata, Laminaria ochroleuca, and Undaria pinnatifida; desmosterol and brassicasterol in H. elongata, L. ochroleuca, Sargassum muticum, and U. pinnatifida; fucosterol and campesterol in S. muticum; and cholest-5-en-3-ol-(3β)-3-phenyl-2-propenoate in Cystoseira tamariscifolia. Brown macroalgae dichloromethane extracts are mainly composed of fatty acids (463.4–3089.0 mg kg−1 of dry material) and sterols (75.5–442.7 mg kg−1 of dry material). High amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids were found, with the ω-6/ω-3 ratios of all species lower than 3. Cystoseira tamariscifolia, H. elongata, and S. muticum showed to be also promising sources of fucosterol. These results seem to uphold the incorporation of these macroalgae in a more balanced diet, as well as their use in the nutraceutical industry, as long as they are coupled with sustainable management of these natural resources

The quest for sustainable polyesters - insights into the future

Polyesters from renewable resources are an expanding area with a burgeoning scientific activity, nevertheless little has been reviewed about this particular class of polymers. The present appraisal intends to contribute to fill this literature gap by reviewing recent aspects related to the most promising renewable-based polyesters. Emphasis will be placed on bio-based polyesters that, given their comparable properties, may replace polymers derived from fossil fuel feedstock, and on bio-based polyesters with completely innovative properties for novel applications. Furthermore, the sources of renewable monomers will also be reviewed, together with the most relevant eco-friendly synthetic approaches used in polycondensation reactions leading to polyesters

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN