¿Cómo pasan las y los jóvenes su tiempo libre? Conclusiones de una investigación formativa en la India central rural, mediante el registro de actividades diarias, proyecto V-CaN

Introduction. The younger population is disproportionately affected by NCDs, which are also rapidly affecting the poorer sections of the Indian population. Adolescents' unhealthy food intake and lack of physical activity are major contributors to the emergence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Objective. To understand the way leisure time is utilized by the individuals of 10-30 years age from the rural central India, in order to find opportunities for promoting recreational activities. Methods. A qualitative study was conducted using Daily Activity Schedule for formative research for V-CaN (Vitalizing Communities against No communicable diseases) project in 12 villages selected using convenience sampling maintaining variability with individuals of age 10-30 years. The activity was conducted separately with boys and girls, and content analysis was performed to analyze dataIntroducción. La población más joven se ve afectada de forma desproporcionada por enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT), que también afectan rápidamente a los sectores más pobres de la población india. La ingesta de alimentos poco saludables y la falta de actividad física por parte de los adolescentes contribuyen en gran medida a la aparición deENTs. Objetivo. Comprender la utilización del tiempo libre por individuos de 10-30 años de edad en la India central rural para encontrar oportunidades de promoción de actividades recreativas. Métodos. Se realizóun estudio cualitativo utilizando el Programa de Actividades Diarias para la investigación formativa del proyecto V-CaN en 12 aldeas seleccionadas mediante muestreo de conveniencia manteniendo la variabilidad con individuos de edades comprendidas entre 10 y 30 años. La actividad se llevóa cabo por separado con niños y niñas y se realizóun análisis de contenido

Misconceptions and Myths Regarding Animal Bite and Rabies: A Community Based Study in Ahmedabad

Introduction: Rabies is a highly fatal viral disease. Rabies and dog bite is prevalent in India but multiple myths are associated and they determine the post-exposure treatment seeking behavior of animal bite victims. The resent study was conducted with the objective to study the myths and misconception in the community regarding animal bite and rabies. Methodology: The community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in field practice area of BJMC Ahmedabad. 270 participants were randomly selected from the available list and predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used to collect data. Result: 60.71% participants were not aware of fatality of rabies and 27.55% said that they will visit health care facility after 10 days of a dog bite. 55.10% responded to they will not take ARV if they do not get any symptoms after a dog bite. Only half of them responded for Dettol/antiseptic application after dog bite wound care management. Conclusion: Misconception and myths regarding dog bite and rabies were found to be very prevalent in the community which will definitely hamper their treatment seeking behavior. Targeted IEC for a dog bite and its management and rabies should be given periodically given in the community

Vitalizing Community for Health Promotion Against Modifiable Risk Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases (V-CaN) in Rural Central India: Protocol for a Hybrid Type II Implementation Effectiveness Trial

BackgroundLow- and middle-income countries are facing the emerging burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Apart from loss of human lives and premature deaths, NCDs result in huge costs for treatment to individuals and the health system. Although NCDs develop in later life, the risk factors begin at an early age. The key to the control of the global epidemic of NCDs is primary prevention based on comprehensive community-based programs. ObjectiveThis study aims to develop, implement, and evaluate the effect of a participatory health promotion initiative utilizing the existing mechanisms of Village Health Nutrition and Sanitation Committees (VHNSCs), women’s self-help groups (SHGs), and schools on modifiable risk factors for NCDs among young people aged 10-30 years. MethodsThe proposed type II hybrid effectiveness implementation cluster randomized field trial will be conducted in the catchment area of 4 primary health centers (PHCs) in Wardha district, India, comprising 100 villages with a population of 144,000. Each PHC will be randomly allocated to one of the 3 intervention arms or the control arm. The 3-intervention arm PHCs will utilize a unique strategy with either VHNSC or SHG members or school students as change agents for health action against common modifiable NCD risk factors. This study will be implemented in 3 phases from January 2022 to December 2024. First, the preparatory phase for baseline assessments includes anthropometry, behavioral and biochemical risk factors for NCDs, and participatory development of the health promotion intervention modules. Second, the implementation phase will focus on capacity building of the change agents and implementation of the participatory health promotion initiative. The implementation will include organization of community-based events, 6-monthly participatory assessment of change, and preparation of a sustainability and exit plan toward the end of this phase. Third, the evaluation phase will consist of studying the effectiveness of each intervention strategy in the reduction of risk factor prevalence at the population level. ResultsWe will assess 12,000 (3000 in each arm) randomly selected individuals for behavioral risk factors and 1600 (400 in each arm) individuals for biochemical risk factors during baseline as well as endline assessments. Difference in differences, ANOVA or multivariate analysis of covariance, and regression analysis will be performed to assess the effectiveness of the interventions. Qualitative methods such as focus group discussions and stories of change will be documented and analyzed using thematic framework analysis. The implementation outcomes will be reported using the PRISM (Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model) RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework. The results are expected to be published by mid-2025. ConclusionsThis study will show the magnitude of risk factors for NCDs, its determinants, feasibility, effectiveness of community-based interventions, and health promotion models for NCD prevention. Trial RegistrationClinical Trials Registration India CTRI/2020/10/028700; https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=47597&EncHid=&userName=V-CaN International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/4245