Development of analytical probabilistic model parameters for urban stormwater management

Analytical probabilistic models (APM) are closed form mathematical expressions for long term system’s output performance derived from the probability distribution of the system’s input variables. In order to apply the APM for urban stormwater control systems’ design, APM parameters have to be made known. These input parameters include APM parameters which are derived from the meteorological rainfall characteristics; storm depth, duration, intensity and inter-event time. This study is aimed to develop meteorological APM parameters that can be used for detention pond design in Peninsular Malaysia. Hourly rainfall data covering 10 to 40 years period were analyzed from 13 different locations spread across the Peninsular. The data were analyzed to obtain the APM parameters at different values of minimum storm separation time (MSST). The APM parameter of rainfall duration (λ) was found to range from a mean value of 0.260 h-1 for 2 h MSST to 0.04 h-1 for 24 h MSST. The APM parameter of rainfall volume (ζ) ranges from a mean value of 0.091 mm-1 for 2 h MSST to 0.038 mm-1 for 24 h MSST. Similarly, the APM parameter of rainfall intensity (β) ranges from a mean value of 0.355 h/mm for 2 h MSST to 0.504 h/mm for 24 h MSST. Finally, the APM parameter of inter-event time (ψ) ranges from a mean value of 0.025 h-1 for 2 h MSST to 0.012 h-1 for 24 h MSST. Once the APM parameters are determined for a particular area, the long term stormwater control systems’ performance can easily be determined

Water quality: a comprehensive review of element in water quality improvement

The paper presents a comprehensive review of elements in water quality improvements especially on the technology to be used. The current technology applied in the activity of water quality is one of the most important information for the relevant agencies of water. Water resources in Malaysia come in the forms of rivers, lakes, ponds and groundwater. Lakes and ponds are important water resources naturally or constructed in Malaysia. Rapid pace of the development surrounding many of the water catchment area had significant effects on the quality of water bodies. Management of water resources is becoming increasingly comprehensive demanded and complicated due to large concentrations of population, commercial activities and industries around the cities and towns, increasing water consumption, increasing water pollution, increasing land use conflicts and climate changes. Urban storm water pollution can be a large contributor to the water quality problems of many receiving waters, as runoff transports a wide spectrum of pollutants to local receiving waters and their cumulative magnitude is large. The study has reviewed the improvement elements of water quality from two different functions of materials – Titanium (IV) Oxide and Zeolite that was categorized from natural and synthesised

An overview of geopolymer materials based zeolite as an antifouling layer in improving water quality

The paper presents an overview of the geopolymer concrete based fly ash as well as zeolite and titanium dioxide powder as an admixtures to create a nitrogen removal in polluted water. This geopolymeration process occurred from the fly ash or zeolite powder and fine aggregate are mixed together with the alkaline solution to form geopolymer concrete. The sodium silicate solution and the sodium hydroxide are chosen and mixed together to produce the alkaline solution. The geopolymer concrete acts as the rough film, contaminants removal in polluted water body and consequently acts as antifouling. The surface of foulant layer created from the contaminant itself that need to mitigate time to time. Meanwhile, the water sample was collected from the selected stations, i.e.; Sungai Gombak, Sungai Klang and Sungai Batu. The existing data quality of water at Sungai Gombak was applied from Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) to be analysed and compared to the results from water quality assessments of water without/with treatment. The current values of water quality were captured in year 2012. The water quality index for Sungai Klang is 57.05 in Class III similar class to Sungai Batu valued is 54.7 and while the Sungai Gombak has no station to capture the values. The rivers are identified that contain polluted water but still suitable for fishery. The aim of the study at those polluted rivers is to reduce and remove the amount of high concentrations of nitrogen via zeolite reactions meantime to mitigate the foulant layer on the film surface

A comparative study of anoxic limestone drain and open limestone channel for acidic raw water treatment.

This study presents the performance of an anoxic limestone drain in comparison to an open limestone channel for treating acidic water. The anoxic limestone drain was designed to enhance limestone dissolution and alkalinity generation thus minimizing the potential of armouring which may decrease the rate of acid neutralization. Actual raw water from two different locations within Sg. Bekok catchment that is highly acidic with low pH value (~ pH 2.5) was used in the experiment. The anoxic limestone drain was found to perform better than the open limestone channel with respect to pH increase, acidicy decrease and alkality production. Iron was removed at relatively higher rate in open limestone channel but resulted in the armouring of limestone surfaces thus limiting further generation of alkalinity

Bioremediation of Diesel Oil Spill by Filamentous Fungus Trichoderma reesei H002 in Aquatic Environment

Bioremediation of aquatic environment could be a response to the oil spills threats. In this paper, Trichoderma reesei H002, a filamentous ascomycete fungus isolated from a polluted site in an orchard garden, Johor, Malaysia, was experimented for its biodegradation ability to degrade diesel oil. Varying nitrogen and carbon sources, pH, agitation on diesel oil by Trichoderma reesei H002 in liquid media were examined to find their impacts on TPHs, alkane, aromatic and NSO fractions of diesel oil degradation. Glucose and yeast extract were the most suitable nutrients for the development of T. reesei H002 and increased the degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs up to 94.78% at the end of the study (40 days) at 25 0C. The degradation of TPHs were performed by gravimetric analysis and degradation of alkane and aromatic fractions were confirmed by GC-FID analysis. Based on the findings of T. reesei H002 for the biodegradation of diesel oil, it can be proposed that T. reesei H002 can be applied to bioremediate diesel oil spill in aquatic environment, therefore protect the ecosystem

Anoxic limestone drain for treatment of highly acidic water

Limestone has been widely used in the treatment of acidic water due to its capability of neutralizing acid and removing metals in water. This study investigated the efficiency of limestone treatment in treating acidic water in anoxic limestone drain at a laboratory scale. The anoxic limestone drain was basically designed to enhance limestone dissolution and alkalinity generation thus minimizing the potential of armouring, which may decrease the rate of acid neutralization. Actual raw water samples from two different locations within Sg. Bekok catchment which were highly acidic with low pH values were used in the experiment treated by 30 mm diameter of 112 kg of limestone. The conditions under which the pH increases, acidity decreases, alkalinity produced and metals were removed in the anoxic limestone drain have been determined. pH was significantly increased from initially 3.27–4.09 to 6.49–6.67 after flowing through the anoxic drain in 10 min of contact with the limestone. Acidity was reduced from 73–99 mg/L as CaCO3 to 17–19 mg/L as CaCO3 as pH were raised to reach near neutral levels. Iron and aluminium were also being removed in the anoxic limestone drain

Introduction to family medicine

Primary care (also known as family medicine as a medical speciality in primary care) is the first point of contact that an individual has with health care provision. Primary care doctors are known as family doctors, general practitioners or family physicians. Family medicine is a medical speciality that provides comprehensive and continuous health care for the individual and the whole family. The practise encompasses the biological, clinical aspect and behavioural sciences, whereas the scope covers all ages from womb to tomb, all sexes, all aspects of the organ system and all diseases

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA ANIMASI BERBASIS MACROMEDIA FLASH PADA PELAJARAN FISIKA ALAT OPTIK

Media is an important role in the learning process which will give effect to the understanding of the concepts and the learning result of students. Expected with the development of animation media based macromedia flash containing music and image features can provide a learning environment that is different from the usual. The purpose of this research is to develop an optical media-based animation tools of Macromedia Flash on the subjects of Physics Optical. The method used in this research is a method Research and development (R & D). The results show the development of media-based animation Macromedia Flash is needed creativity that generated media interest. The contents in the media based on the assessment of the three experts said optical media content animation tools are very good and worth using