Exposure to Smoking Imagery in Popular Films and Adolescent Smoking in Mexico

Background: Exposure to smoking imagery in films in consistently associated with smoking behavior and its psychological antecedents among adolescents in high-income countries, but its association with adolescent smoking in middle-income countries is unknown. Methods: In 2006, a cross-sectional sample of 3876 Mexican adolescents in secondary school was surveyed on smoking behavior, smoking risk factors, and exposure to 42 popular films that contained smoking. Participants were classified into quartiles of exposure to smoking imagery across all films they reported having seen. Models were estimated to determine associations among quartiles of film-smoking exposure, smoking behavior, and the psychological antecedents of smoking, adjusting for age, gender, sensation seeking, self-esteem, parental smoking, sibling smoking, best-friend smoking, having a bedroom TV, and private versus public school attendance. Analyses were conducted in 2007. Results: Adolescents were exposed to an average of 51.7 (SE=1.3) minutes of smoking in the films they viewed. Crude and adjusting ORs indicated positive associations between quartiles of film-smoking exposure and both current smoking (AOR4v1=3.13; p\u3c0.0001) and having ever smoked (AOR4v1=2.42;p\u3c0.0001). Data from never-smokers (n=2098) were analyzed to determine associations between film-smoking exposure and psychological antecedents of smoking uptake. Crude and adjusted coefficients indicated significant, positive associations between exposure and susceptibility to smoking (AOR4v1=1.66; p\u3c0.05); favorable attitudes toward smoking (Adjusted B4v1=0.44;p\u3c0.0001); and perceived peer prevalence of smoking (Adjusted B4v1=0.26; p\u3c0.0001). Conclusions: Exposure to smoking in films appears associated with smoking among Mexican adolescents. Policies could aim to decrease youth exposure to smoking in nationally and internationally distributed

Increasing availability and consumption of single cigarettes: trends and implications for smoking cessation from the ITC Mexico Survey

Determine (1) trends in single cigarette availability and purchasing in Mexico, and (2) the association between neighborhood access to singles and cessation behavior among adult Mexican smokers

Sex Differences in Becoming a Current Electronic Cigarette User, Current Smoker and Current Dual User of Both Products: A Longitudinal Study Among Mexican Adolescents

This study aimed to assess sex differences in predictors for becoming a current exclusive electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) user, current exclusive smoker, or current dual user (concurrent smoking and e-cigarette use). This longitudinal study included 2399 females and 2177 males who had tried neither cigarettes nor e-cigarettes at baseline and attended 57 middle schools in the three largest cities in Mexico. We estimated multinomial logistic models stratified by sex. At follow-up, the prevalence of current exclusive e-cigarette use was 6.4% for males and 5.5% for females; current exclusive smoking was similar among males (3.6%) and females (3.5%); dual use was 2.4% females and 1.8% males. In the adjusted model, current e-cigarette use among females was associated with baseline current drinking (ARR = 1.85; p \u3c 0.05), having a job (ARR = 1.99; p \u3c 0.05), higher technophilia (ARR = 1.27; p \u3c 0.05), and higher positive smoking expectancies (ARR = 1.39; p \u3c 0.05). Among males, only having friends who smoke cigarettes at baseline was a significant predictor of current exclusive e-cigarette use at follow-up (ARR = 1.44; p \u3c 0.05). For both sexes, current exclusive smoking at follow-up was associated with baseline current drinking (male ARR = 2.56; p \u3c 0.05; female ARR = 2.31; p \u3c 0.05) and, among males, only with having a parent who smoked (ARR = 1.64; p \u3c 0.05). For both sexes, dual use at follow-up was associated with baseline current drinking (male ARR = 3.52; p \u3c 0.005; female ARR = 2.77; p \u3c 0.05); among females, with having paid work (ARR = 2.50; p \u3c 0.001); and among males, with parental smoking (ARR = 3.20; p \u3c 0.05). Results suggested both common and different risk factors by sex, suggesting that interventions may need to consider targeting sex differences

Smoking susceptibility as a predictive measure of cigarette and e-cigarette use among early adolescents

Objective. To assess the validity of a standard measure of smoking susceptibility for predicting cigarette and e-cigarette use in a sample of early adolescents in Argentina and Mexico. Materials and methods. A school-based longitudinal survey was conducted in 2014-16 among secondary students. We analyzed students who were never smokers of regular cigarettes or e-cigarettes at baseline and who completed both surveys. The main independent variable was smoking susceptibility. Multilevel logistic regression models were used, adjusting for sociodemographic and personal variables, social network use of cigarettes and exposure to advertising. Results. In the adjusted analysis, smoking susceptibility independently predicted cigarette initiation (Argentina: AOR 2.28; 95%CI 1.66-3.14; Mexico: AOR 2.07; 95%CI 1.74-2.45) and current smoking (Argentina: AOR 3.61; 95%CI 2.48-5.24; Mexico: AOR 1.69; 95%CI 1.29-2.22); however, it only predicted e-cigarette initiation in Mexico (Mexico: AOR 1.29; 95%CI 1.02-1.63). Conclusion. Smoking susceptibility was a valid measure to predict future cigarette smoking in this sample

Adult Smokers’ Awareness and Interest in Trying Heated Tobacco Products: Perspectives from Mexico, where HTPs and E-Cigarettes are Banned

Background: We evaluated smokers’ perceptions of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in Mexico, where industry publically lobbied to introduce HTPs into this country that banned both HTPs and e-cigarettes. Methods: Online surveys (November 2018 to July 2019) were analyzed from adults who only smoked cigarettes (n = 2091) or who smoked and used e-cigarettes (“dual users” n = 1128). Logistic models regressed HTP awareness, interest to trying HTPs, and having seen HTPs for sale (only among aware participants) on sociodemographics and tobacco-related variables. Results: Of the 17.1% who were aware of HTPs, 52.7% reported having seen HTPs for sale. Of all respondents, 75% were somewhat or very interested in trying HTPs. Compared to their counterparts, more frequent smokers, dual users, those exposed to online e-cigarette ads, and those with friends who used e-cigarettes were both more aware of and interested in trying HTPs. Greater awareness was also associated with higher education, recent attempts to quit, receipt of email e-cigarette ads, and smoking among friends and family. Seeing HTPs for sale was higher for those who recently attempted to quit, were exposed to e-cigarette ads online or by email, or had friends who used e-cigarettes. Conclusion: Interest in HTPs is high among smokers in Mexico, which already has a large black market for illegal e-cigarettes. HTPs use should be monitored in this context, especially given the public health impacts of HTPs are unclear

Understanding and use of food labeling systems among Whites and Latinos in the United States and among Mexicans: Results from the International Food Policy Study, 2017

Background: Obesity and chronic diseases could be prevented through improved diet. Most governments require at least one type of food labeling system on packaged foods to communicate nutrition information and promote healthy eating. This study evaluated adult consumer understanding and use of nutrition labeling systems in the US and Mexico, the most obese countries in the world

Smokers' reactions to cigarette package warnings with graphic imagery and with only text: A comparison between Mexico and Canada

Objetivo. Esta comparación basada en muestras representativas de la población de fumadores adultos de Canadá (n = 1 751) y México (n = 1 081) pretendió determinar si las cajetillas de cigarrillos con leyendas de advertencia que contienen imágenes gráficas en Canadá tuvieron un impacto más acentuado que las leyendas mexicanas que se basan sólo en textos. Material y métodos. En el presente estudio se usaron modelos bivariados y multivariados. Resultados. Los fumadores canadienses respondieron mucho mejor a las advertencias de la etiqueta (es decir, atención que prestaban a los anuncios de las etiquetas y comprensión del mensaje) que los fumadores mexicanos y fueron influidos por las características de las advertencias independientemente de la intención previa que tuvieran de abandonar el hábito. Más aún, los canadienses tienen grados de conocimiento más altos acerca de las repercusiones en la salud que tiene fumar y que fueron incluidas en las advertencias de las etiquetas canadienses pero no en las mexicanas. Por otro lado, la mayoría de los fumadores mexicanos deseó que las cajetillas de cigarrillos incluyeran más información que la que contienen actualmente. Conclusión. Estos resultados son consistentes con los de otros estudios en cuanto a indicar que las cajetillas de cigarrillos cuyas etiquetas incluyen mensajes de advertencia con imágenes gráfi cas destacadas tienen más probabilidad de promover el conocimiento relativo a las consecuencias del tabaquismo y la cesación del mismo que las advertencias que sólo se basan en textos

Smokers' reactions to cigarette package warnings with graphic imagery and with only text: a comparison between Mexico and Canada Reacciones de los fumadores a las advertencias en la cajetilla de cigarrillos con imágenes gráficas o sólo con textos: una comparación entre México y Canadá

OBJECTIVE: This comparison of population-based representative samples of adult smokers in Canada (n=1 751) and Mexico (n=1 081) aimed to determine whether cigarette packages with graphic warning labels in Canada had a stronger impact than the text-only warning labels in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bivariate and multivariate adjusted models were used in this study. Results. Canadian smokers reported higher warning label salience (i.e., noticing labels & processing label messages) than Mexican smokers, and warning label salience independently predicted intention to quit. Moreover, Canadians had higher levels of knowledge about smoking-related health outcomes that were included as content on Canadian, but not Mexican, warning labels. Finally, a majority of Mexican smokers want their cigarette packs to contain more information than they currently contain. DISCUSSION: These results are consistent with other studies that indicate that cigarette packages whose warning labels contain prominent graphic imagery are more likely than text-only warning labels to promote smoking-related knowledge and smoking cessation.<br>OBJETIVO: Esta comparación basada en muestras representativas de la población de fumadores adultos de Canadá (n = 1 751) y México (n = 1 081) pretendió determinar si las cajetillas de cigarrillos con leyendas de advertencia que contienen imágenes gráficas en Canadá tuvieron un impacto más acentuado que las leyendas mexicanas que se basan sólo en textos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: En el presente estudio se usaron modelos bivariados y multivariados. Resultados. Los fumadores canadienses respondieron mucho mejor a las advertencias de la etiqueta (es decir, atención que prestaban a los anuncios de las etiquetas y comprensión del mensaje) que los fumadores mexicanos y fueron influidos por las características de las advertencias independientemente de la intención previa que tuvieran de abandonar el hábito. Más aún, los canadienses tienen grados de conocimiento más altos acerca de las repercusiones en la salud que tiene fumar y que fueron incluidas en las advertencias de las etiquetas canadienses pero no en las mexicanas. Por otro lado, la mayoría de los fumadores mexicanos deseó que las cajetillas de cigarrillos incluyeran más información que la que contienen actualmente. CONCLUSIÓN: Estos resultados son consistentes con los de otros estudios en cuanto a indicar que las cajetillas de cigarrillos cuyas etiquetas incluyen mensajes de advertencia con imágenes gráficas destacadas tienen más probabilidad de promover el conocimiento relativo a las consecuencias del tabaquismo y la cesación del mismo que las advertencias que sólo se basan en textos