Systematic Design and Optimization of Quantum Circuits for Stabilizer Codes

Quantum computing is an emerging technology that has the potential to achieve exponential speedups over their classical counterparts. To achieve quantum advantage, quantum principles are being applied to fields such as communications, information processing, and artificial intelligence. However, quantum computers face a fundamental issue since quantum bits are extremely noisy and prone to decoherence. Keeping qubits error free is one of the most important steps towards reliable quantum computing. Different stabilizer codes for quantum error correction have been proposed in past decades and several methods have been proposed to import classical error correcting codes to the quantum domain. However, formal approaches towards the design and optimization of circuits for these quantum encoders and decoders have so far not been proposed. In this paper, we propose a formal algorithm for systematic construction of encoding circuits for general stabilizer codes. This algorithm is used to design encoding and decoding circuits for an eight-qubit code. Next, we propose a systematic method for the optimization of the encoder circuit thus designed. Using the proposed method, we optimize the encoding circuit in terms of the number of 2-qubit gates used. The proposed optimized eight-qubit encoder uses 18 CNOT gates and 4 Hadamard gates, as compared to 14 single qubit gates, 33 2-qubit gates, and 6 CCNOT gates in a prior work. The encoder and decoder circuits are verified using IBM Qiskit. We also present optimized encoder circuits for Steane code and a 13-qubit code in terms of the number of gates used.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2309.1179

Automated Heterogeneous Low-Bit Quantization of Multi-Model Deep Learning Inference Pipeline

Multiple Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) integrated into single Deep Learning (DL) inference pipelines e.g. Multi-Task Learning (MTL) or Ensemble Learning (EL), etc., albeit very accurate, pose challenges for edge deployment. In these systems, models vary in their quantization tolerance and resource demands, requiring meticulous tuning for accuracy-latency balance. This paper introduces an automated heterogeneous quantization approach for DL inference pipelines with multiple DNNs

Engineering anomalous Floquet Majorana modes and their time evolution in helical Shiba chain

We theoretically explore the Floquet generation of Majorana end modes~(MEMs) (both regular $0$- and anomalous $\pi$-modes) implementing a periodic sinusoidal modulation in chemical potential in an experimentally feasible setup based on one-dimensional chain of magnetic impurity atoms having spin spiral configuration fabricated on the surface of most common bulk $s$-wave superconductor. We obtain a rich phase diagram in the parameter space, highlighting the possibility of generating multiple $0$-/$\pi$-MEMs localized at the end of the chain. We also study the real-time evolution of these emergent MEMs, especially when they start to appear in the time domain. These MEMs are topologically characterized by employing the dynamical winding number. We also discuss the possible experimental parameters in connection to our model. Our work paves the way to realize the Floquet MEMs in a magnet-superconductor heterostructure.Comment: 7.5 Pages + 5 PDF figures (Main Text), 4 Pages + 3 PDF figures (Supplementary Material), Comments are welcom

Clinical and doppler monitoring of patients with Takayasu arteritis with ITAS 2010 and CDUS-K score respectively following medical intervention: a 12 months follow-up study

Background: The objective of the present study was to monitor the disease activity of Takayasu arteritis clinically by the Indian Takayasu Activity Score 2010 (ITAS) and ultra sonographically by Colour Doppler Ultrasound-Kolkata (CDUS-K) Score after 12months of treatment with methotrexate and steroid, and to find the correlation between these two scores.Methods: Around 25 Angiographically proven Takayasu arteritis patients were treated with Methotrexate (15mg weekly) and Steroids (1mg/kg/day for 6weeks and then tapered) for 12months. Wilcoxon matched pair signed rank test was done to assess the change in ITAS 2010 with treatment. A correlation study was done between ITAS 2010 and change in CDUS-K scores at the end of 12months.Results: By Wilcoxon’s matched pair signed rank test, a non-significant change of ITAS 2010 (p=0.066) was observed at the end of 12months, which means that the treatment helps to control the disease progression by preventing a significant increase in ITAS 2010. Strong correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.878, 95% CI = 0.602 to 1.000) was found between the ITAS 2010 and change in CDUS-K scores at 12months follow up.Conclusions: The combination of Methotrexate and steroids helps to control the disease progression in Takayasu arteritis. Colour doppler ultrasonography may serve as a reliable and safe surrogate disease activity measure at follow up, as it avoids the radioactivity exposure and invasiveness of angiography

AMIODARONE INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN STRESS - VULNERABLE ORGANS OF ADULT MALE RATS

Objective: Amiodarone used as an antiarrhythmic agent bears a structural resemblance to thyroid hormones containing about one-third iodine byweight. The pro-oxidant potentialities of amiodarone induced changes were studied.Materials and Methods: Male adult Wister rats were divided into two groups of eight animals each, and amiodarone was supplemented orallyfor 30 days against control. The urinary iodine content of both the groups was measured. Animals were sacrificed after completion of treatment;investigated parameters were adrenal morphology and histology, adrenal Δ5 3β hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and serum cortisol level.Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and lipid peroxidation (LPO) level were assayed in the liver, kidney and testis along with their histology. Serumglutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were measured. Obtained results were interpreted againstthe control group of rats.Results: Urinary iodine level was high after the amiodarone exposure. Hypertrophied cortex with enhanced Δ5 3β HSD activity in adrenal causedelevated serum cortisol level. Amiodarone exposure had increased LPO level with a concomitant rise in catalase and SOD activities in liver, kidney andtestis in comparison to control (p<0.001). Simultaneously kidney showed shrinkage of the glomerulus, in liver the area surrounding the central canalfound disrupted and in the testis seminiferous tubules, and germ cells were disorganized in comparison to control. SGOT and SGPT level were foundelevated in the treated group.Conclusion: Amiodarone exposure develops stress for the metabolism and deiodinization of amiodarone releasing excessive iodine in circulationthat in turn generates reactive oxygen species and free radicals resulting cellular damage of stress vulnerable organs.Keywords: Amiodarone, Excess iodine, Hypertrophied adrenal, Cellular damage, Stress-vulnerable organs, Reactive oxygen species

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Effect of Leaves of Cassia sophera Linn.

In the present study, the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extracts of Cassia sophera Linn. leaves was evaluated against carbon-tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced hepatic damage in rats. The extracts at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg were administered orally once daily. The hepatoprotection was assessed in terms of reduction in histological damage, changes in serum enzymes, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and total protein levels. The substantially elevated serum enzymatic levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin were restored towards the normalization significantly by the extracts. The decreased serum total protein level was significantly normalized. Silymarin was used as standard reference and exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination of rat liver sections. The results of this study strongly indicate that Cassia sophera leaves have potent hepatoprotective action against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats. This study suggests that possible activity may be due to the presence of flavonoids in the extracts