Effects of Social Determinants of Health in Progression to Type 2 Diabetes

The prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in the United States and around the world has increased faster than expected in the last 30 years. The economic burden this costs a nation can be astronomic both in terms of expense and loss in productivity. One-third of U.S. adults, 86 million people, have prediabetes. Effective management is needed that can reach these 86 million, and others at high risk, to reduce their progression to diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. After the literature review, there was not enough literature to support how these led to the progression to diabetes. The abundant literature is centered on how to prevent complications and improve the quality of life of those living with type 2 diabetes. This paper will focus on the longitudinal association between these social determinants and how they may predispose to the progression to Type 2 diabetes

Interest in Cessation Treatment Among People Who Smoke in a Community-Based Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program

Introduction: To evaluate the need for tobacco cessation services within a multidisciplinary clinic (MDC), we surveyed patients on their smoking status, interest in quitting, and willingness to participate in a clinic-based cessation program. We further evaluated the association between interest in cessation or willingness to participate in a cessation program and overall survival (OS). Methods: From 2014 to 2019, all new patients with lung cancer in the MDC at Baptist Cancer Center (Memphis, TN) were administered a social history questionnaire to evaluate their demographic characteristics, smoking status, tobacco dependence, interest in quitting, and willingness to participate in a cessation program. We used chi-square tests and logistic regression to compare characteristics of those who would participate to those who would not or were unsure and Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression to evaluate the association between cessation interest or willingness to quit and OS. Results: Of 641 total respondents, the average age was 69 years (range: 32–95), 47% were men, 64% white, 34% black, and 17% college graduates. A total of 90% had ever smoked: 34% currently and 25% quit within the past year. Among the current smokers, 60% were very interested in quitting and 37% would participate in a cessation program. Willingness to participate in a cessation program was associated with greater interest in quitting (p \u3c 0.0001), better OS (p = 0.02), and reduced hazard of death (hazard ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval: 0.30–0.88), but no other characteristics. Conclusions: Patients with lung cancer in an MDC expressed considerable interest in tobacco cessation services; patients willing to participate in a clinic-based cessation program had improved survival

The Relative Survival Impact of Guideline-Concordant Clinical Staging and Stage-Appropriate Treatment of Potentially Curable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer management guidelines strive to improve outcomes. Theoretically, thorough staging promotes optimal treatment selection. We examined the association between guideline-concordant invasive mediastinal nodal staging, guideline-concordant treatment, and non-small cell lung cancer survival. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the current practice of invasive mediastinal nodal staging for patients with lung cancer in a structured multidisciplinary care environment? Is guideline-concordant staging associated with guideline-concordant treatment? How do they relate to survival? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated patients with non-metastatic non-small cell lung cancer diagnosed from 2014 through 2019 in the Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program of the Baptist Cancer Center, Memphis, Tennessee. We examined patterns of mediastinal nodal staging and stage-stratified treatment, grouping patients into cohorts with guideline-concordant staging alone, guideline-concordant treatment alone, both, or neither. We evaluated overall survival with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Of 882 patients, 456 (52%) received any invasive mediastinal staging. Seventy-four percent received guideline-concordant staging; guideline-discordant staging decreased from 34% in 2014 to 18% in 2019 (P \u3c .0001). Recipients of guideline-concordant staging were more likely to receive guideline-concordant treatment (83% vs 66%; P \u3c .0001). Sixty-one percent received both guideline-concordant invasive mediastinal staging and guideline-concordant treatment; 13% received guideline-concordant staging alone; 17% received guideline-concordant treatment alone; and 9% received neither. Survival was greatest in patients who received both (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.41; 95% CI, 0.26-0.63), followed by those who received guideline-concordant treatment alone (aHR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36-0.99), and those who received guideline-concordant staging alone (aHR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.37-1.09) compared with neither (P \u3c .0001, log-rank test). INTERPRETATION: Levels of guideline-concordant staging were high, were rising, and were associated with guideline-concordant treatment selection in this multidisciplinary care cohort. Guideline-concordant staging and guideline-concordant treatment were complementary in their association with improved survival, supporting the connection between these two processes and lung cancer outcomes

Survival Impact of an Enhanced Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Conference in a Regional Community Health Care System

Introduction: We compared NSCLC treatment and survival within and outside a multidisciplinary model of care from a large community health care system. Methods: We implemented a rigorously benchmarked “enhanced” Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Conference (eMTOC) and used Tumor Registry data (2011–2017) to evaluate guideline-concordant care. Because eMTOC was located in metropolitan Memphis, we separated non-MTOC patient by metropolitan and regional location. We categorized National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline-concordant treatment as “preferred,” or “appropriate” (allowable under certain circumstances). We compared demographic and clinical characteristics across cohorts using chi-square tests and survival using Cox regression, adjusted for multiple testing. We also performed propensity-matched and adjusted survival analyses. Results: Of 6259 patients, 14% were in eMTOC, 55% metropolitan non-MTOC, and 31% regional non-MTOC cohorts. eMTOC had the highest rates of African Americans (34% versus 28% versus 22%), stages I to IIIB (63 versus 40 versus 50), urban residents (81 versus 78 versus 20), stage-preferred treatment (66 versus 57 versus 48), guideline-concordant treatment (78 versus 70 versus 63), and lowest percentage of nontreatment (6 versus 21 versus 28); all p values were less than 0.001. Compared with eMTOC, hazard for death was higher in metropolitan (1.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–1.7) and regional (1.7, 1.5–1.9) non-MTOC; hazards were higher in regional non-MTOC versus metropolitan (1.1, 1.0–1.2); all p values were less than 0.05 after adjustment. Results were generally similar after propensity analysis with and without adjusting for guideline-concordant treatment. Conclusions: Multidisciplinary NSCLC care planning was associated with significantly higher rates of guideline-concordant care and survival, providing evidence for rigorous implementation of this model of care

Interest in Cessation Treatment Among People Who Smoke in a Community-Based Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program

Introduction: To evaluate the need for tobacco cessation services within a multidisciplinary clinic (MDC), we surveyed patients on their smoking status, interest in quitting, and willingness to participate in a clinic-based cessation program. We further evaluated the association between interest in cessation or willingness to participate in a cessation program and overall survival (OS). Methods: From 2014 to 2019, all new patients with lung cancer in the MDC at Baptist Cancer Center (Memphis, TN) were administered a social history questionnaire to evaluate their demographic characteristics, smoking status, tobacco dependence, interest in quitting, and willingness to participate in a cessation program. We used chi-square tests and logistic regression to compare characteristics of those who would participate to those who would not or were unsure and Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression to evaluate the association between cessation interest or willingness to quit and OS. Results: Of 641 total respondents, the average age was 69 years (range: 32–95), 47% were men, 64% white, 34% black, and 17% college graduates. A total of 90% had ever smoked: 34% currently and 25% quit within the past year. Among the current smokers, 60% were very interested in quitting and 37% would participate in a cessation program. Willingness to participate in a cessation program was associated with greater interest in quitting (p < 0.0001), better OS (p = 0.02), and reduced hazard of death (hazard ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval: 0.30–0.88), but no other characteristics. Conclusions: Patients with lung cancer in an MDC expressed considerable interest in tobacco cessation services; patients willing to participate in a clinic-based cessation program had improved survival