289 research outputs found
Estado de la investigación de las publicaciones sobre Yield Management en revistas de turismo y hostelería
El Yield Management consiste en la asignación a
la unidad correcta de capacidad (asiento de un
avión, habitación de un hotel, etc.) al precio correcto
y al cliente correcto, de forma que se consiga el
máximo benefi cio posible (Smith et al., 1992). Se
trata de un proceso complejo y dinámico (1) que se
desarrolló a fi nales de los años setenta en Estados
Unidos como respuesta a la desregulación del tráfi co
aéreo.
Según un estudio empírico (2) el 92% de los hoteleros
sevillanos afi rman conocer la técnica pero ¿cuál es su
difusión a nivel académico?
En este trabajo recogemos los resultados obtenidos
tras analizar las publicaciones sobre Yield
Management en 9 revistas internacionales y 6
nacionales de Turismo y Hostelería durante el período
1996-2003. El proceso ha supuesto la revisión de más
de 3.700 referencias y ha permitido la localización de
49 artículos sobre la técnica.
Yield Management consists of assigning the right
unit of capacity (aeroplane seat, hotel room,
etc.), to the right customer at the right price in such
a way as to maximise profi t (Smith et al., 1992). This
is a dynamic and complex process (3) developed in
the United States towards the end of the nineteen
seventies as a response to the deregulation of air
traffi c.
According to an empirical study (4), 92% of hoteliers
in Seville state that they are aware of the technique,
but how extended is knowledge of it on the academic
level?
This paper gathers together the results of an
analysis of publications on Yield Management in 9
international and 6 Spanish Tourism and Hospitality
journals during the period 1996-2003. This process
has required the reading of 3,700 references and has
allowed 49 articles on the technique to be located
La formación en turismo en España: pasado, presente y futuro en el nuevo Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior
La nueva Universidad española es ya una realidad. En muchas universidades, el Título de Diplomado en Turismo está dejando paso al nuevo Grado, y la oferta de posgrados es cada vez más amplia. En este escenario de cambio, nos ha parecido interesante recoger la evolución de los estudios de Turismo en nuestro país, comenzando por los orígenes y el largo proceso hasta su incorporación al ámbito universitario. Posteriormente, analizamos el presente de la Diplomatura en Turismo, aportando finalmente algunos indicios sobre el nuevo horizonte que se abrirá con el Grado, Máster y Doctorado en Turismo
Pasado, presente y futuro de los estudios de turismo en la universidad española
La nueva Universidad Española (esa del Plan Bolonia) de la que llevamos hablando
hace ya algunos años, es cada vez más realidad del presente y menos proyecto del
futuro. En muy pocos meses, todos los planes de estudio actuales y, por tanto, también
el que posibilita la obtención del Título de Diplomado en Turismo, dejarán paso a los
nuevos Títulos de Grado. Por su parte, los postgrados son ya una realidad que viven a
diario muchos alumnos de nuestras universidades. En este escenario de cambio real de
enfoque, en el que habrá que diseñar forzosamente nuevas estrategias y tácticas para
conseguir la formación adecuada de los graduados y postgraduados en turismo, los
autores de este trabajo quieren ser fieles a las enseñanzas que recibieron en aquella
universidad que ahora estamos dejando atrás; y, de esta forma, mirar al pasado y
analizar el presente, como receta necesaria para diseñar una correcta estrategia de
futuro. Es por ello que nos ha parecido interesante presentar en este trabajo cuál ha sido
la evolución de los estudios de turismo en nuestro país. El recuerdo del pasado
comenzará con los orígenes de estos estudios en las instituciones privadas, y el largo
proceso que los llevó a estar incluidos en el catálogo de enseñanzas universitarias
oficiales. Posteriormente analizaremos el presente de la Diplomatura en Turismo en la
universidad española, y, por último, aportaremos todos aquellos indicios que poseemos,
más o menos certeros, sobre ese nuevo horizonte que se abrirá de forma general, más
allá de las lógicas avanzadillas, con los nuevos estudios de Grado, Máster y Doctorado
en Turismo.The new Spanish University (referred to the Bologna Plan), which we have been
speaking for a few years ago, is becoming more and more a reality and less a future
project. In very few months, all current curriculums in the Spanish University and,
therefore, that one which makes possible to obtain the degree of Bachelor in Tourism, it
will give way the new degree. Meanwhile, postgraduates are now a reality that many
students live daily from our universities. In this scenario of real change, in which would
be necessary design new strategies and tactics to get the proper training of graduates and
postgraduates in tourism, the authors of this paper want to be faithful in relation with
the teachings they received at the university, and thus look at to the past and analyze the
present look, like a neccesary prescription for drawing a correct strategy for the future.
That is why we have been interested in presenting the evolution of studies of tourism in
our country. The memory of the past will start with the origins of these studies in
private institutions, and the long process that led them to be included in the list of
official university educations. Later, we will analyze the present of the degree of
Bachelor in Tourism in the Spanish University, and finally we will contribute with the
whole evidence that we possess, more or less accurate, on this new horizon that will be
opened in general with new degrees, Master and Doctorate in Tourism
Colaboración de herramientas mediante interfaces basadas en Servicios Web: la aplicación de videoconferencia Marte
El documento detalla la arquitectura ideada dentro del proyecto europeo ECOSPACE para la interoperabilidad de las herramientas de los e-Profesionales, empleando una aproximación orientada a servicios. Cada aplicación de un entorno de trabajo colaborativo debe ofrecer interfaces basadas en servicios web; en particular aquí se contempla el caso de la videoconferencia, como ejemplo representativo de sistema de funcionalidades avanzadas. Adicionalmente, los distintos servicios pueden componerse y orquestarse para ofrecer otros de mayor complejidad; para demostrar la flexibilidad y potencia de esta solución, se incluye un ejemplo que involucra múltiples herramientas. Finalmente, se contempla la posibilidad de usar otro tipo de interfaces, más extendidas actualmente, pero que implicarían un cambio profundo en la arquitectura y, por tanto, en las aplicaciones
A WS-Agreement Extension for Specifying Temporal Properties in SLAS
Service level agreements (SLA) in service oriented architectures allow to regulate the service trading from providers to consumers. So SLAs must describe the agreement properties in a precise manner. WS-Agreement proposes a standard for describing SLAs to specify “which” service will offer and “how” it is offered. However there is another important question about services which is “when”. Temporality affects orthogonally to all aspects of a SLA (i.e. the entire SLA, functional or non-functional properties) and it is necessary to express more precisely the SLAs. WSAgreement identifies the necessity of specifying temporality on agreement terms but it does not describe how temporality must be expressed and, to the best of our knowledge, there is no extension of WS-Agreement that deals with that problem. Therefore we propose to extend the standard with a temporal XML schema to describe several validity periods that could be disjoint, non-disjoint, and/or periodical
Towards Compensable SLAs
In Cooperative Information Systems, service level agreements (SLA) can be used to describe the rights and obligations of parties involved in the transaction (typically the service consumer and the service provider); amongst other information, SLA could define guarantees associated with the idea of service level objectives (SLOs) that normally represent key performance indicators of either the consumer or the provider. in case the guarantee is under-fulfilled or over-fulfilled SLAs could also define some compensations (i.e. penalties or rewards). in such a context, during the last years there have been important steps towards the automation of the management of SLAs, however the formalization of compensations in SLAs still remains as an important challenge. in this paper we aim to provide a characterization model to create SLAs with compensations; specifically, the main contributions are twofold: (i) the conceptualization of the Compensation Function to express consistently penalties and rewards and (ii) a model for Compensable Guarantees that associate SLOs with Compensation Functions. This formalization models aims to establish a foundation to elaborate tools that could provide an automated support to the modeling and analysis of SLAs with compensations. Additionally, in order to validate our approach, we model and analyze a set of guarantee terms from three real world examples of SLAs and our formalization proves to be useful for detecting mistakes that are ty
Supporting Compensations with WS-greement
During the last years the use of service level agreements
(SLA) is rising uncontrollably to describe the rights and obligations of
parties involved in service provisioning (typically the service consumer
and the service provider); amongst other information, SLA could de ne
guarantees associated with the idea of service level objectives (SLOs)
that normally represent key performance indicators of either the consumer
or the provider. In case the guarantee is under or over ful lled
SLAs could also de ne some compensations (i.e. penalties or rewards). In
such a context, there have been important steps towards the automation
of the analysis of SLAs. One of these steps is a characterization model of
SLAs with compensations proposed by the authors in a previous work;
and another step is the standardisation e ort in the SLAs notation made
by WS{Agreement. However, real-world SLAs includes complex concepts
that must be considered, namely: (i) SLA terms that specify compensations
without an explicit SLO; and (ii) a limit for the compensations.
In this paper we extend our prior characterization model considering
these complex concepts. Speci cally, (i) we provide up to ve real-world
scenarios whose SLAs incorporate aforementioned new concepts; (ii) we
extend our model for compensable guarantees considering terms without
an explicit SLO; and (iii) we provide a novel WS{Agreement-based syntax
to model SLAs with compensations considering these concepts. These
contributions aim to establish a foundation to elaborate tools that could
provide an automated support to the modelling and analysis of SLAs
with compensations.Junta de Andalucía P12--TIC--1867Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BELI (TIN2015-70560-R
Automated Validation of Compensable SLAs
A Service Level Agreement (SLA) regulates the provisioning of a service by defining a set of guarantees. Each guarantee
sets a Service Level Objective (SLO) on some service metrics, and optionally a compensation that is applied when the SLO is
unfulfilled or overfulfilled. Currently, there are software tools and research proposals that use the information about compensations to
automate and optimise certain parts of the service management. However, they assume that compensations are well defined, which is
too optimistic in some circumstances and can lead to undesirable situations. In this article we discuss about the notion of validity of
guarantees with a compensation, which we refer to as compensable guarantees (CG). We describe an abstract model of CGs and we
provide a technique that leverages constraint satisfaction problem solvers to automatically validate them. We also present a
materialisation of the model of CGs in iAgree, a language to specify SLAs and a tooling support that implements our whole approach.
An assessment over 319 CGs taken from 24 real-world SLAs suggests that the expressiveness and effectiveness of our proposal can
pave the way for using CGs in a safer and more reliable way.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BELI (TIN2015-70560-R)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades TIN2016-81978-REDTJunta de Andalucía P12--TIC--186
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