A history of the histories of econometrics.

Understanding the history of econometrics as a modern science also asks for understanding of the development of the image of science, which includes the history of philosophy of science and the history of economic methodology. Beside that philosophers of science need to be historically informed, historians of science need to be philosophical informed, which mean more precisely here that they need to be informed about the developments of the philosophical ideas about science. Corry's distinction between the body and image of knowledge does not only provide a framework to write histories of econometrics, but also to write a history of these histories. From its beginnings, econometricians have considered historical knowledge as reflexive knowledge useful to delineate their discipline.econometrics; philosophy of science; discipline

Environment Energy Assessment of Trips (EEAT): An updated approach to assess the environmental impacts of urban mobility, The case of Lille Region

This paper deals with sustainable mobility in an urban context. We investigate the assessment of the impacts of the evolution of travel behaviour (travelled distance and modal choice) in terms of energy consumption and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions at the local level. Indeed, today, the control of exhausts generated by the mobility within the urban areas is at the core of the environmental policies and the stabilisation of GHG emissions is one of the main goals of 'sustainable development'. To face this challenge in the transport sector, the national government and local authorities need a better understanding of the link between urban development choices, the operation of the different modes of transport systems, and residents and non residents' attitude, and mobility patterns at the local level.MOBILITE ; ZONE URBAINE ; POLLUTION ATMOSPHERIQUE ; ENERGIE ; CONSOMMATION DE CARBURANT

An integrated application of zoning for mobility analysis and planning: the case of Paris Region

International audienceIn most transport planning studies one of the first steps is the definition of a zoning scheme with which the study area is divided and the corresponding space is disaggregated. There are no clear rules on how to carry out this operation in an optimal way, and the dominating practice is to do it based on experience, trying to mix a certain degree of within-zone homogeneity and the convenience of using administrative borders as zone limits. Firstly, this paper starts by presenting a set of quality criteria for a general zoning scheme and an algorithm that constructs an initial zoning based on a sample of geo-referenced trip extreme points and improves it in successive steps according to those criteria. This kind of zoning fits perfectly well to traffic assignment purposes. But this paper will investigate an improvement of this approach in order to give a better understanding of the mobility determinants and its externalities on the environment. In doing so, the new zone is determined not only by the trips generation and distribution but also constrained by other indicators. In our case, we have selected a combination of the following: 1/ air pollution emissions, 2/ population density, 3/ work and study density and 4/ public transport accessibility. The integration of these 4 indicators allows us not only to picture the mobility within the region and to identify at the very precise level the main zones of activities and traffic exchanges. This integration relates the picture to the land use and the clustering of the economic activities location at a very discrete level. Furthermore, it relates the density of the mobility in dense, large and economically dynamic urban area to its externalities in terms of air pollution. In order to be effective for mobility analysis and policy purposes, this kind of approach cannot only rely on the cell grid unit but a hierarchical aggregation should be set up. This aggregation allows analyses within the administrative and political boundaries but with a more disaggregated perspective. A case study based on the Mobility Survey for the Paris Metropolitan Area in 2001 is developed to illustrate this new approach to zoning. The magnitude of those resulting improvements is very significant especially when compared with the already existing zoning as the department zoning or the IAURIF zoning. It then shows that more attention should definitely be given to this initial process in the transport planning studies

Gender-based analysis of Zones of Tolerance for transit service quality considering intelligent transportation system

Quality service in public transport is important in transit systems. User needs and expectations have great relevance to transit modeling and implementation. This explanatory study examined young men’s and young women’s expectations and perceptions of transit quality of service with the use of the zone of tolerance (ZOT) and adequate and desired levels of service. Given the critical role of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in public transport service enhancement, a specific dimension that reflected user perceptions and expectations of ITS also was considered. ZOTs for men and women were obtained separately, and the results showed differences. In particular, women’s minimum acceptable and desired levels of service were higher than they were for men, and women had relatively bigger ZOTs

Nouveaux enjeux en économie : Le cas des Transports : Changer la perspective et introduire de nouvelles problématiques de recherche

Kieffer-Dupont Ariane. Nouveaux enjeux en économie : Le cas des Transports : Changer la perspective et introduire de nouvelles problématiques de recherche. In: Diplômées, n°256, 2016. Les femmes économistes. pp. 11-14

Recension de Modeling Economic Instability A Historyof Early Macroeconomics, Michael Assouset Vincent Carret, Springer, 2022.

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Ragnar Frisch’s “Circulation Planning”: An Attempt at Modelling General Equilibrium

We investigate how Ragnar Frisch’s (1895-1973) came to use econometric tools and techniques for policy purposes and how this involved a general equilibrium approach. Ragnar Frisch is well known for his contribution to the development of econometrics from the mid-1920s onwards, both on the scientific side, especially in the analysis of economic fluctuations, and on the institutional side. By the mid-1930s, however, he was taking an active part in the invention of new methodological and theoretical instruments based upon a specific shift from "political Economy" towards "rational Economy". This article argues that “Circulation planning”—a controversial 1934 article inspired by a Walrasian organization of exchanges—is interesting on two accounts: firstly because Frisch elaborates his view of the economic crisis as a breakdown of the system of exchanges due to monetary causes, and secondly because he offers to solve the crisis by establishing a central agency in charge of the organisation of an optimal system of exchanges. The difficulty of such modelling and the conceptual dead-ends of the 1934 article led Frisch to abandon the General Equilibrium approach for a long time and, in the following years, to develop a specific methodology in order to be able to implement indirect planning.Cet article se penche sur les circonstances qui ont vu Frisch recourir à des techniques et des outils économétriques à des fins de politique économique, et ce à l’occasion de son approche de l’équilibre général. Frisch est connu et reconnu pour sa contribution au développement de l’économétrie à partir du milieu des années 1920, contribution tant scientifique – notamment sur l’analyse des fluctuations de l’activité économique –, qu’institutionnelle. Toutefois, à partir du milieu des années trente, il prend une part active à l’invention de nouveaux instruments méthodologiques et théoriques dans le cadre du basculement de « l’économie politique » vers « l’économie rationnelle ». Cette étape cruciale dans l’œuvre de Frisch, que représente son modèle d’équilibre général développé dans « Circulation Planning » , article controversé de 1934 et inspiré par une organisation walrassienne des échanges, est intéressant à double titre : en premier lieu parce que Frisch y élabore sa compréhension des cycles économiques comme une défaillance d’origine monétaire du système des échanges et en second lieu, parce qu’il propose comme solution à la crise la création d’une agence centrale chargée d’organiser le système optimal des échanges. Les difficultés inhérentes à une telle modélisation et les impasses théoriques rencontrées dans cet article de 1934 conduiront Frisch à abandonner pour un long moment l’approche de l’équilibre général, et à se concentrer sur l’élaboration, au cours des années suivantes, d’une méthodologie spécifique pour mettre en place une planification indirecte

L'économie, science empirique ? [Chap. 15]

chapitre 5International audienc

Les femmes bousculent les principes de mobilité [Espace Science et Société, IFSTTAR]

Ce dossier thématique 'Espace Science et Société" présente les recherches menées à l’IFSTTAR sur la question du genre dans les transports, la mobilité et la sécurité, de plus en plus prises en compte par les pouvoirs publics.Transport systems and the organisation of mobility are the basis for theconstruction of an inclusive society which provides concrete sustainable solutionsthat are accessible to all. Such a society is one in which each individual is able toparticipate in all economic, social and cultural activities while at the same timedeveloping his or her potential aptitudes, to the benefit of society as a whole.Can women’s increasing involvement in the creation and sharing of wealth lead to thereplacement of the current principles of mobility with a sustainable and inclusive model?Les systèmes de transport et l’organisation de la mobilité sont les piliersde la construction d’une société inclusive, qui propose des solutions concrètes,durables et accessibles à tous. Il s’agit d’une société où chaque citoyen a la possibilitéde participer à l’ensemble des activités économiques, sociales et culturelles touten développant ses aptitudes potentielles est au profit de la collectivité.La participation croissante des femmes à la création et au partage des richesses peut-elleremettre en question les principes de mobilité en faveur d’un modèle durable et inclusif

The most Frischian among the Norwegian Economists

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