Comparison of the effectiveness of medical, psychological, educational psychology and combined interventions in the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD: a theoretical review

Recepción: 29 de julio de 2016 | Revisión: 6 de septiembre de 2016 | Aceptado: 17 octubre de 2016Correspondencia: Pilar Sanz Cervera. Universidad de Santiago de CompostelaEmail: [email protected] ID: 0000-0001-6919-6150El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo con implicaciones importantes en el contexto educativo, al ser uno de los más frecuentes en la población infanto-juvenil. Son muchas las diferentes intervenciones propuestas para su tratamiento (médica, psicológica, psicopedagógica y combinada). En el presente estudio se ha realizado una revisión teórica para poder comparar la eficacia de los diferentes tratamientos para el TDAH en esta edad, analizando un total de once artículos, los cuales comparan la eficacia de dos o más tratamientos. Los resultados indican la efectividad de todos los tratamientos, diferenciándose sólo los unos de los otros en el tratamiento de los diferentes síntomas que presenta el TDAH y el grado de severidad del trastorno, siendo en estos casos unos más efectivos que otros. Estos resultados se discuten y se confrontan con la literatura previa, así como se consideran futuras líneas de investigación.The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with important implications in the educational context as it is one of the most common disorders in the childhood and adolescence. There are many different interventions for the ADHD treatment (medical, psychological, educational psychology and combined). In this study, it is carried out a theoretical review to compare the effectiveness of the different treatments for ADHD at this age, analyzing a total of eleven articles, which compare two or more treatments. The results indicate the effectiveness of all treatments, only differing from one another in the treatment of the different ADHD symptoms and the severity of the disorder; being in these cases ones more effectives than others. These results are discussed and confronted with previous literature and future research lines are considered.Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Psicología Social. Proyecto de Innovación Docente ReiDoCre

Effects of resistance training intervention along with leucine-enriched whey protein supplementation on sarcopenia and frailty in post-hospitalized older adults: preliminary findings of a randomized controlled trial

Resistance training and protein supplementation are expected to exert the greatest effect in counteracting muscle-wasting conditions. Myokines might play a key role, but this remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study (NCT03815201) was to examine the effects of a resistance training program with post-exercise leucine-enriched protein supplementation on sarcopenia and frailty status and on the plasma myokine concentrations of post-hospitalized older adults. A total of 41 participants were included in this 12-week resistance training intervention and randomized either to the placebo group or the protein group. Sarcopenia, frailty, body composition and blood-based myokines were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. Both groups improved in terms of physical performance (p < 0.005) and frailty (p < 0.07) following the resistance training intervention, but without any difference between groups. Myokine concentrations did not change after the intervention in either group. Changes in myostatin concentrations were associated with greater improvements in appendicular skeletal muscle mass at the end of the intervention (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the implementation of resistance training programs after hospitalization in older adults should be prioritized to combat sarcopenia and frailty immediately. The results regarding myostatin should be taken as preliminary findings.This study was supported by the Basque Government (2016111138). M.A. was supported by a grant from the University of the Basque Country (PIF17/186). C.C.-S. is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (FJC2018-037925-I). I.E. by a grant from the University of the Basque Country in collaboration with the university of Bordeaux (University of Bordeaux (UBX)) (PIFBUR16/07)

Profiling of Myositis Specific Antibodies and Composite Scores as an Aid in the Differential Diagnosis of Autoimmune Myopathies

Autoantibodies; Dermatomyositis; DiagnosisAutoanticuerpos; Dermatomiositis; DiagnósticoAutoanticossos; Dermatomiositis; Diagnòstic(1) Background: Myositis specific antibodies (MSA) represent important diagnostic and stratification tools in idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) patients. Here we aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of MSA profiled by a novel particle based multi-analyte technology (PMAT) in IIM and subsets thereof. (2) Methods: 264 IIM patients and 200 controls were tested for MSA using PMAT (Inova Diagnostics, research use only). Diagnostic performance was analyzed and composite scores were generated. (3) Results: The sensitivity/specificity of the individual MSA were: 19.7%/100% (Jo-1), 7.2%/100.0% (Mi-2), 3.0%/99.0% (NXP2), 3.8%/100.0% (SAE), 2.7%/100.0% (PL-7), 1.9%/99.5 (PL-12), 1.1%/100.0% (EJ), 15.5%/99.5% (TIF1γ), 8.3%/98.5% (MDA5), 6.1%/99.0% (HMGCR) and 1.9%/98.5% (SRP). Of all IIM patients, 180/264 tested positive for at least one of the MSAs. In the individual control group, 12/200 (6.0%) tested positive for at least one MSA, most of which had levels close to the cut-off (except one SRP and one PL-12). Only 6/264 (2.3%) IIM patients were positive for more than one antibody (MDA5/HMGCR, EJ/PL-7, 2 x MDA5/TIF1γ, EJ/SAE, SAE/TIF1γ). The overall sensitivity was 68.2% paired with a specificity of 94.0%, leading to an odds ratio of 33.8. The composite scores showed good discrimination between subgroups (e.g., anti-synthetase syndrome). (4) Conclusion: MSA, especially when combined in composite scores (here measured by PMAT), provide value in stratification of patients with IIM

Educational intervention guide. Promoting positive masculinities for the prevention of violence against women. Conceptual toolbox and activities

Violence against women (VAW) is one of the world’s most persistent and destructive societal problems. It does not occur in isolation as it is strongly influenced by the ways gender relations are constructed and by the ways femininities and masculinities are culturally represented and negotiated in daily interactions. Many of the beliefs, behaviours and attitudes that sustain VAW are related to gendered expectations and norms. That is why it is so important to work on our understanding of gender relations and roles in VAW prevention. This educational intervention guide was created in the context of the PositivMasc Project, which was carried out from 2019-2022 by researchers in Ireland, Israel, Spain and Sweden and funded by the GENDER-NET European research network. The PositivMasc project aims to explore discourses of non-violent forms of masculinity and ways in which to support and promote positive masculinities for the prevention of VAW among young people and in society (Salazar et al., 2020). In fact, more positive expressions of masculinities (non-violent, inclusive, empathetic, caring, or egalitarian) are emerging in society, advocated by women and men fighting against different forms of VAW (Elliott, 2016). One of the key concepts underpinning this document is positive masculinities, which refers to potential alternatives to hegemonic masculinity and ways of promoting more inclusive, empathetic, caring and equitable forms of manhood and gender equity (Foley et al., 2015; Pérez-Martínez et. al, 2021). As part of the PositivMasc project goals related to research dissemination and research impact, we present this guide which includes a conceptual toolbox and activities for engaging young people in actively rethinking gender relations and promoting gender-equitable and healthy relationships free of VAW.This work was supported by GENDER NET Plus Co-Fund (reference number 2018-00968). We also want to acknowledge the financial support received from the Swedish Research Council (Grant number: 2018-00968); the Irish Research Council; The Ministry of Science & Technology of Israel (3-15662) and the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (Ref. PCI2019-103580)

Pochonia chlamydosporia is the most prevalent fungal species responsible for Meloidogyne suppression in sustainable vegetable production systems

The fluctuations in Meloidogyne densities and fungal egg parasitism were determined from February 2015 to July 2016 in four vegetable production sites conducted under organic production and two sides conducted under integrated standards. At each site, the soil nematode densities at transplanting and at the end of the crops, the galling index, the number of eggs in roots, and the percentage of fungal egg parasitism were determined, and the fungal species were identified. In addition, two pot experiments were conducted with soil taken from each site in February 2015 and 2016 to assess the fungal egg parasitism comparing non-sterile and sterile soil from each site. In field conditions, the nematode population densities in the soil decreased along the crop rotations. The maximum number of eggs per plant was recorded in the spring–summer crops. Egg parasitism ranged from 11.2 to 55% in the organic sites and from 0.8 to 16.5% in the integrated production sites. Pochonia chlamydosporia was the only fungal species isolated in five of the six sites.Postprint (published version

Healthcare providers’ views and perceptions on post-mortem procedures for cause of death determination in Southern Mozambique

Background: The minimally invasive autopsy (MIA) is being investigated as an alternative to the complete diagnostic autopsy (CDA), gold standard for CoD determination, in settings where CDA is unfeasible and/or unacceptable. We aimed to explore healthcare providers’ views and perceptions on theoretical and factual acceptability of the CDA and the MIA. Methods: A qualitative study, combining ethnographic and grounded-theory approaches, was conducted within a project aiming to validate the MIA tool against the CDA for CoD investigation. We present data on in-depth and semi-structured interviews of 33 healthcare providers operating within the formal and informal health services in Southern Mozambique. MIA perception was analysed through the theory of diffusion of innovations. Results: All participants considered CDA useful for CoD determination. CDA was perceived reliable, but the unpleasant nature of the procedure and its associated infection risk were the main perceived disadvantages. Participants considered the MIA simple, easy and quick to perform; likely to meet families’ expectations to know the CoD, and able to provide evidence-based knowledge for disease management. Concerns were raised on its reliability compared to the CDA. Family's emotional status and accessibility to decision-makers were mentioned as principal barriers for MIA performance. The main jeopardizing factors for MIA implementation were the shortage of required resources and the significant proportion of people dying at home. Key facilitators for MIA acceptance included the need for the support from community and religious leaders, provision of clear information to the community, and accompaniment to bereaved families. Conclusions: Healthcare providers consider the MIAs potentially more acceptable and feasible than CDAs in places where the latter have shown significant implementation challenges. A clear understanding of healthcare provider’s perceived barriers and facilitators for conducting post-mortem procedures in general, and MIAs in particular, will shed light on their future field implementation for more robust mortality surveillance

Definition of a SNOMED CT pathology subset and microglossary, based on 1.17 million biological samples from the Catalan Pathology Registry

SNOMED CT terminology is not backed by standard norms of encoding among pathologists. The vast number of concepts ordered in hierarchies and axes, together with the lack of rules of use, complicates the functionality of SNOMED CT for coding, extracting, and analyzing the data. Defining subgroups of SNOMED CT by discipline could increase its functionality. The challenge lies in how to choose the concepts to be included in a subset from a total of over 300,000. Besides, SNOMED CT does not cover daily need, as the clinical reality is dynamic and changing. To adapt SNOMED CT to needs in a flexible way, the possibility exists to create extensions. In Catalonia, most pathology departments have been migrating from SNOMED II to SNOMED CT in a bid to advance the development of the Catalan Pathology Registry, which was created in 2014 as a repository for all the pathological diagnoses. This article explains the methodology used to: (a) identify the clinico-pathological entities and the molecular diagnostic procedures not included in SNOMED CT; (b) define the theoretical subset and microglossary of pathology; (c) describe the SNOMED CT concepts used by pathologists of 1.17 million samples of the Catalan Pathology Registry; and d) adapt the theoretical subset and the microglossary according to the actual use of SNOMED CT. Of the 328,365 concepts available for coding the diagnoses (326,732 in SNOMED CT and 1,576 in Catalan extension), only 2% have been used. Combining two axes of SNOMED CT, body structure and clinical findings, has enabled coding most of the morphologies

Promoting Positive Masculinities to Address Violence Against Women: A Multicountry Concept Mapping Study

Interventions engaging men that challenge unequal gender norms have been shown to be effective in reducing violence against women (VAW). However, few studies have explored how to promote anti-VAW positive masculinity in young adults. This study aims to identify key multicountry strategies, as conceived by young adults and other stakeholders, for promoting positive masculinities to improve gender equity and prevent and target VAW. This study (2019–2021) involved young adults (aged 18–24 years) and stakeholders from Ireland, Israel, Spain, and Sweden. We applied concept mapping, a participatory mixed-method approach, in phases: (1) brainstorming, using semi-structured interviews with young adults (n = 105) and stakeholders (n = 60), plus focus group discussions (n = 88), to collect ideas for promoting anti-VAW positive masculinity; (2) development of an online questionnaire for sorting (n = 201) and rating ideas emerging from brainstorming by importance (n = 406) and applicability (n = 360); (3) based on sorting and rating data, creating rating maps for importance and applicability and clusters/strategies using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis with groupwisdom™ software; and (4) interpretation of results with multicountry stakeholders to reach agreement. The cluster map identified seven key strategies (41 actions) for promoting anti-VAW positive masculinities ranked from highest to lowest: Formal and informal education and training; Preventive education and activities in different settings/areas; Skills and knowledge; Empathy, reflection, and understanding; Media and public efforts; Policy, legislation, and the criminal justice system; and Organizational actions and interventions. Pattern matches indicated high agreement between young people and stakeholders in ranking importance (r = 0.96), but low agreement for applicability (r = 0.60). Agreement in the total sample on prioritizing statements by importance and applicability was also low (r = 0.20); only 14 actions were prioritized as both important and applicable. Young people and stakeholders suggested seven comprehensive, multidimensional, multi-setting strategies to facilitate promoting positive masculinity to reduce VAW. Discrepancy between importance and applicability might indicate policy and implementation obstacles.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article: This work was part of a multisite study supported by GENDER NET Plus CoFund (reference number 2018-00968). It was funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (Ref. PCI2019-103580), the Swedish Research Council (Grant number: 2018-00968), the Irish Research Council, and the Ministry of Science & Technology of Israel (315662)

Immune-inflammatory and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis biomarkers are altered in patients with non-specific low back pain: A systematic review.

This systematic review aimed to investigate immune-inflammatory and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis biomarkers in individuals with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) compared to healthy control. The search was performed in five databases until 4 November 2021. Two reviewers independently conducted screenings, data extraction, risk of bias, and methodological quality assessment of 14 unique studies. All studies reported the source of the fluid analyzed: nine studies used serum, two used plasma, one used serum and plasma, and two studies used salivary cortisol. We found preliminary and limited evidence (only one study for each biomarker) of increased levels in growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), interleukin-23 (IL-23), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1) in NSLBP. Inconsistent and limited evidence was identified for interleukin-10 (IL-10). Although C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels appear to increase in NSLBP, only one study per each biomarker reported statistically significant differences. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) showed no significant differences. Regarding cortisol, one study showed a significant increase and another a significant decrease. More robust evidence between GDF-15, IL-23, TGF-β, and sTNF-R1 with NSLBP is needed. Moreover, contrary to the findings reported in previous studies, when comparing results exclusively with healthy control, insufficient robust evidence for IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP was found in NSLBP. In addition, cortisol response (HPA-related biomarker) showed a dysregulated functioning in NSLBP, with incongruent evidence regarding its directionality. Therefore, our effort is to find adjusted evidence to conclude which immune-inflammatory and HPA axis biomarkers are altered in NSLBP and how much their levels are affected