Here\u27s the Dirt: The Newest Recommendations for Garlic Mustard Management

Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is an invasive plant that has quickly become naturalized throughout most of the United States. Due in part to high reproductive output and the release of chemical compounds that disturb beneficial plant-fungal associations, this species is able to outcompete many native plants. Over the years, different garlic mustard management strategies been prescribed and implemented with varying success. Here we summarize methods for the removal of garlic mustard based on the most recent literature and research conducted in our lab. We aim to provide a series of clear tasks that landowners, stakeholders, and managers may find useful regarding the eradication of garlic mustard

Predictors of motor outcome after childhood arterial ischemic stroke

Aim: To identify clinical and radiological predictors of long‐term motor outcome after childhood‐onset arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. / Method: Medical records of 69 children (36 females, 33 males; median age at index AIS 3y 3mo, range: 1mo–16y) who presented to Great Ormond Street Hospital with first AIS in the MCA territory were reviewed retrospectively. Cases were categorized using the Childhood AIS Standardized Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation (CASCADE). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography were evaluated. An Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) was calculated on MRI. The Recurrence and Recovery Questionnaire assessed motor outcome and was dichotomized into good/poor. / Results: Eventual motor outcome was good in 49 children and poor in 20. There were no acute radiological predictors of eventual motor outcome. At follow‐up, CASCADE 3A (i.e. moyamoya) and Wallerian degeneration were significantly associated with poor motor outcome. In the multivariate analysis, younger age and CASCADE 3A predicted poor motor outcome. / Interpretation: In the context of recommendations regarding unproven and potentially high‐risk hyperacute therapies for childhood AIS, prediction of outcome could usefully contribute to risk/benefit analysis. Unfortunately, paradigms used in adults, such as ASPECTS, are not useful in children in the acute/early subacute phase of AIS