Trastornos de conducta infantiles en medios socioeconómicos diferentes.

Se tomó una muestra de dos niveles socioeconómicos distintos, a la que se le aplicó un cuestionario sobre estas conductas y los factores de riesgo descritos para estos trastornos. Los resultados se analizaron con el programa estadístico EPI-INFO. Se encontraron importantes diferencias entre los dos grupos

Extracting the hierarchical organization of complex systems

Extracting understanding from the growing ``sea'' of biological and socio-economic data is one of the most pressing scientific challenges facing us. Here, we introduce and validate an unsupervised method that is able to accurately extract the hierarchical organization of complex biological, social, and technological networks. We define an ensemble of hierarchically nested random graphs, which we use to validate the method. We then apply our method to real-world networks, including the air-transportation network, an electronic circuit, an email exchange network, and metabolic networks. We find that our method enables us to obtain an accurate multi-scale descriptions of a complex system.Comment: Figures in screen resolution. Version with full resolution figures available at http://amaral.chem-eng.northwestern.edu/Publications/Papers/sales-pardo-2007.pd

Trastornos de conducta infantiles en medios socioeconómicos diferentes.

Se tomó una muestra de dos niveles socioeconómicos distintos, a la que se le aplicó un cuestionario sobre estas conductas y los factores de riesgo descritos para estos trastornos. Los resultados se analizaron con el programa estadístico EPI-INFO. Se encontraron importantes diferencias entre los dos grupos

Mesoscopic structure conditions the emergence of cooperation on social networks

We study the evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma on two social networks obtained from actual relational data. We find very different cooperation levels on each of them that can not be easily understood in terms of global statistical properties of both networks. We claim that the result can be understood at the mesoscopic scale, by studying the community structure of the networks. We explain the dependence of the cooperation level on the temptation parameter in terms of the internal structure of the communities and their interconnections. We then test our results on community-structured, specifically designed artificial networks, finding perfect agreement with the observations in the real networks. Our results support the conclusion that studies of evolutionary games on model networks and their interpretation in terms of global properties may not be sufficient to study specific, real social systems. In addition, the community perspective may be helpful to interpret the origin and behavior of existing networks as well as to design structures that show resilient cooperative behavior.Comment: Largely improved version, includes an artificial network model that fully confirms the explanation of the results in terms of inter- and intra-community structur

New Trends for the Processing of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Biomaterial for Dental Prosthodontics

Rehabilitation of masticatory function in patients with absent teeth with removable dentures is an established form of treating partial or complete dentition in edentulous patients. The developments in recent decades with dental implants dominate current dental research. However, medical contraindications, a negative attitude toward implants, or financial limitations on the part of the patients limit their universal applicability, so the rehabilitation with dental prostheses still makes up a significant portion of everyday clinical practice. Conversely, removable dentures are used in the critical conditions of the oral cavity. There are about 500 strains of microorganisms in the mouth, which form the biofilm in an acidic environment causing several issues, such as denture stomatitis, deterioration of the periodontal status of the remaining teeth, or carious lesions in the supporting teeth. Therefore, it is very important to choose a suitable material for the prosthesis. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is an acrylic resin usually used with a long tradition for prosthetic purposes. The aim of this chapter is to present the trends for the processing of PMMA. It includes the chemical synthesis, conventional thermal processing of this acrylic resin, the new processing technique assisted with ultrasound, the antibacterial effect on PMMA with nanoparticles, and the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenesis of this material

Challenges and Opportunities of the Circular Economy in the Eastern Zone of the State of Mexico

El artículo: "Desafíos y Oportunidades de la Economía Circular en la Zona Oriente del Estado de México", analiza la viabilidad y los obstáculos para implementar principios de economía circular en la Región Oriente del Estado de México. El objetivo principal es identificar los desafíos y oportunidades que surgen al aplicar este enfoque, considerando sus características socioeconómicas y ambientales. La metodología utilizada abarca un enfoque mixto que combina técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. Se realizó un análisis detallado de la situación actual de la Zona Oriente, considerando aspectos como la generación de residuos, los procesos de producción industrial, el consumo de recursos naturales y las políticas gubernamentales existentes. Además, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas con actores clave en el ámbito local, incluyendo representantes de empresas, autoridades gubernamentales y organizaciones no gubernamentales, con el fin de obtener una comprensión holística de la situación. Los resultados obtenidos muestran desafíos significativos para la implementación efectiva de la Economía circular en la Zona Oriente del Estado de México, que incluyen la falta de infraestructura para el reciclaje y la reutilización de materiales, la escasa conciencia pública sobre los beneficios de este enfoque, y la resistencia por parte de algunos sectores industriales. Sin embargo, también se identificaron diversas oportunidades, como el crecimiento del sector de energías renovables, el interés creciente de las empresas en prácticas sostenibles y el valioso apoyo potencial de las políticas gubernamentales.Se destaca asi, la importancia de abordar los desafíos identificados y aprovechar las oportunidades existentes para  generar beneficios significativos tanto ambientales como económicos.The article: "Challenges and Opportunities of the Circular Economy in the Eastern Region of the State of Mexico", analyzes the feasibility and obstacles to implementing circular economy principles in the Eastern Region of the State of Mexico. The main objective is to identify the challenges and opportunities that arise when applying this approach, considering its socioeconomic and environmental characteristics. The methodology used encompasses a mixed approach that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques. A detailed analysis of the current situation of the Eastern Zone was carried out, considering aspects such as waste generation, industrial production processes, consumption of natural resources and existing government policies. In addition, interviews were carried out with key actors at the local level, including representatives of companies, government authorities and non-governmental organizations, in order to obtain a holistic understanding of the situation. The results obtained show significant challenges for the effective implementation of the Circular Economy in the Eastern Zone of the State of Mexico, which include the lack of infrastructure for the recycling and reuse of materials, the low public awareness about the benefits of this approach, and resistance on the part of some industrial sectors. However, various opportunities were also identified, such as the growth of the renewable energy sector, the growing interest of companies in sustainable practices and the valuable potential support of government policies. The importance of addressing the identified challenges and taking advantage of them is highlighted. the existing opportunities to generate significant environmental and economic benefits

Biological Control of Fusarium oxysporum in Tomato Seedling Production with Mexican Strains of Trichoderma

The problems and limitations of the control of diseases caused by phytopathogens through the use of fungicides, make the biological control present as an alternative method in the production of tomato plants in greenhouse, which is limited by the incidence of Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr., being the most worldwide destructive disease. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of three Mexican strains of the genus Trichoderma against F. oxysporum on the production of tomato seedlings under greenhouse conditions, as well as to determine the antagonistic effect of the strains used. The Trichoderma harzianum strain had the highest antagonistic activity (81.50%) and the highest growth rate (1.25 cm/day), proving to be the most aggressive strain to control F. oxysporum. in addition the results of the interaction of the dual cultures paired, presented a visible overgrowth zone with hyphae of Trichoderma spp. Seeds inoculated with T. harzianum showed a survival of 84% and a mortality of 16%, lower than the control group, which present a mortality of 58%; however, the treatment inoculated with F. oxysporum had the highest incidence of “disease” with 83%, the lowest survival (17%) and a decrease of the green biomass with respect to the control