Autonomous Driving Vehicle System using LiDAR sensor

An overview of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor technology for autonomous vehicles is presented in this paper. The sensor called LiDAR sensors is a key component of autonomous driving’s for the upcoming generation as an assistance function. LiDAR technology is discussed, including its characteristics, a technical overview, prospects as well as limitations in relation to other sensors available in the industry. Comparison and comment on sensor quality are based on factory parameters. The basic components of a LiDAR system from the laser transmitter to the beam scanning mechanism are explained

Clustering of MRI in Brain Images Using Fuzzy C Means Algorithm

This paper concentrates on the analyses of medical images of patients with brain tumor obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clustering algorithms, statistical techniques and various distribution functions are used to find patterns in the computed parameters to help finding the desired clustering technique. In this paper, Fuzzy C Means clustering algorithm is applied for each patient, and the negative functions and the iteration counts are noted. All simulations are carried out in MATLAB. The results reveal the objective functions and the iteration count of pre-operation and post-operation stages of MRI image frames. The thresholding method and multiple histograms are used to observe the images. An overview of how imaging techniques and MRI functions work is also reviewed along with the different medical image processing established methods

Effect of Non-linear Co-efficient of a hexagonal PCF depending on effective area

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is an optical fiber that gets the waveguide characteristics from an array of very small and tightly separated air holes that run the length of the fiber rather than from a spatially changing glass structure. These air holes can be created by stacking capillary and/or solid tubes and implanting those into a bigger tube, or even by utilizing a preform containing holes. PCFs have a wide range of characteristics. One of these is the non-linear co-efficient. This property is influenced by factors such as effective area, pitch size, and so on. The overall goal of this study is to develop and improve the optical characteristics of PCFs and to design a hexagonal PCF for wideband near-zero dispersion-flattened features for dispersion managed applications. The non-linear co-efficient of the hexagonal PCF with respect to effective area is also calculated here

Performance analysis of a FSO link considering different atmospheric turbulence

Free space optical (FSO) technology is a quick-to-deploy and economical way of getting access to the fiber optic network. FSO technology not only offers fiber-quality connections, but it also offers the sector’s cheapest transmission capacity. FSO systems complement legacy network commitments and function in harmony with any protocol, saving significant up-front investments as a completely protocol-independent broadband gateway. An FSO link may be purchased and deployed at a fraction of the cost of installing fiber cable and for roughly half the cost of equivalent microwave/RF wireless systems. With exception of RF wireless technologies, FSO does not need the purchase of expensive spectrum licenses or the fulfillment of additional regulatory criteria. The purpose of this study is to examine the performance of FSO-based optical access networks. Analysis of the performance in detail, with a focus on BER is also described